Path to Ever Green Revolution

Path to Ever Green Revolution

Dr. Prahlada N.BMBBS, MS, MBA, MHA

Karnataka ENT Hospital & Research Center, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Mob: 9342310854

Email: [email protected]

MOTIVATION

Source: ICAR

My Observations based on

• ICAR Vision document & success stories

• 11th Planning commission recommendations

• Best practices across the world

• Publications by Agri Scientists

• World Bank and FAO documents

• Report by Swaminathan Committee on Farmers 2006

Aims & Objectives Part - 1

• Provide food security for all Indians

• Prevent exploitation of farmers & Farmers suicides

• Providing right prices for Producers & reduce cost for consumers

• Sustain prices of commodities at affordable levels

• Prevent black marketing and hoarding

• Increase tax revenue from Agricultural trade

Aims & Objectives Part - 2

• Increase Quality & Traceability

• Prevent wastage of agricultural products (food)

• Increase Efficiency of Agriculture markets

• Harness co-operation with World markets

• Increase exports of agricultural products

• Become WTO Compliant

Source: ICAR

SWOT analysis

Major concerns

• Small land holding

• Un-organized market

• Illegal parallel market

• Harvest & Post Harvest losses

• Mono-cropping

• Un-scientific farming

Annual Agri Cycle

Natiional Demand

estimationGPS Soil testing

Collect Weather,

Ground water Reservoirs information

Estimate seed,

fertilizer & pesticide

requirement

Requirement oriented seeding

using Agri-matchProvide

investment, technology & Insurance

Monitor Crop Health using Agri-

Satellite

Purchase using e-scales

Prepare National

Production database

Spatially distributed

warehouse / Cold storage

Sales through

National Agri exchange

Distribution through GPS

installed Vehicles.

GOI/ICAR

Agri Zones

Source: ICAR

Pre-requisites



Mob: 9342310854


Pre-requisites - I

• Coordinating agency - Larger role by ICAR ?

• Kisan Card (Smart Cards)

• Farm Co-operatives

• New Farmers Micro credit policy

• Independent Soil testing authority

Pre-requisites - II

• National Agri Matching Programme (NAMP)

• Mobile based extension services

• E-Scales connected to central database

• RFID Coded Tamper proof packing

• Independent Crops grading/standards authority

Pre-requisites - III

• Authorized dealers with dealer codes

• National Agri Stock Exchange – E-Shopping platform

• Fair prices for farmers: >50% of Average weighted cost

• Government mediated Contractual farming

• Spatially distributed warehouses with

• Online Ware house management system (WMS)

Pre-requisites - IV

• Single window uniform tax system at APMCs

• Abolition of inter-state trade barriers

• Geopgrpahic Position System (GPS) based logistics

• National Farm Insurance Scheme

• Re-organization of Public Distribution System (PDS)

Prerequisites in Detail



Mob: 9342310854


1. Larger role by ICAR

• Co-ordinate events in Agri cycle

• Provide input advise

• Provide extension services

• Advice on price fixation

• Start new courses eg., ICT in Agriculture

• New strain/methodology/technology

2. Agri Smart cards (Kisan Cards)

• Connected to Adhar Card

• Registered along with a mobile number

• Functions like: • Land ownership Card• Credit Card• Ration card• Insurance Bond• Health Card• Co-op Membership card

2. Agri Smart cards (Kisan Cards) - Info

• Has following info:• Land ownership revenue details• Annual soil testing report• Agri Match History• Sowing report• Harvest report• Fertilizer and Pesticide use report• Sales report• Credit report• Adverse event report – Drought/flood/disease• Subsidy/compensation/insurance details

2. Agri Smart cards (Kisan Cards) & Mobile

• All transactions – SMS alerts to the farmer

2. Agri Smart cards (Kisan Card) - Advantages

• Land Ownership / Encumbrance / Revenue details

• Credit rating of the farmer.

• Accountability of the farmer

• Transparent financial transactions

• Avoid black marketeering/Speculation

• PDS/Extension services easy

• Insurance/Compensation distribution easy

3. New Credit policy

• State should supply all inputs on credit basis

• Provide 10% of expected production as low interest Cash credit

• Recover the same at the end of harvest, during sales

• All Transactions through Kisan Card

• In case of adverse event the Credit is waived

• Subsidies / Incentives may be paid during sales

3. New Credit Policy: Advantages

• Avoids intermediaries

• Prevents farmers exploitation and suicides

• Accountability

• Increases Tex revenue from Agri business

• Creates new jobs in Agri business

• Support to Agri sector

4. Farm Co-operative (FCO)

• Facilitate capacity building

• Distribution of Inputs

• Implementation of extension programmes

• Shared labor

• Team work

4. Farming Co-operative - Advantages

• Shared technology/machines

• Reduce transaction costs

• Leverage collective strength

• Increase Bargaining power

• Tap high value markets

4. Farm Co-op Vs MGNREGA

• MGNREGA can be integrated with Agri sector

• Estimation of Average labor / Co-operative

• Registration of Labors – With or without farms

• Kisan card / Mobile linked

• Calculate average labor

• Average Labour payment through Kisan card

4. Farm Co-op Vs MGNREGA

• Shared team work irrespective of ownership

• Non farm work during off season

• Biometric system for attendance

• Videography of the work using drones

• Cashless online payment

5. Independent Soil testing authority

• National network of Advanced Soil testing facilities

• Facilities for detection of Micronutrient deficiencies

• RFID/Bar Coded testing of Samples to avoid bias

• Online Annual updating of the Soil testing Reports

• Reports updated on Farmers Kisan Cards

• District / State / National level Soil maps drawn

5. Soil testing - GPS Based

• GPS Field Mapping

• GPS Soil Sampling

• GPS Yield Mapping

• GPS Yield Mapping and Analysis

• Advanced Record keeping and Reporting

• Nutrient Management Mapping

Source: Agro Watch

5. Soil Testing – Soil / Field / Yield mapping

Source: Agro Watch

6. National Agri Matching Programme (NAMP)

• Matches the Farmer’s choice to Govt requirement

• Through Computer algorithm

• Involves• Registration, • Ranking & • Result

Result

Ranking

Registration

Source: NRMP, USA

6. NAMP: Registration - EFCAS

EFCAS

Farmer

StateSoil

scientistCredit facility

Buyer

• Electronic Farmer’s Crop Application Service (EFCAS)

Source: ERAS, USA

6. NAMP: EFCAS Components

• Step-by-step instructions for participating NAMP Process.

• Register for a Match and update personal information.

• Modify existing Government’s Crop information: Type or quota

• Search for Farmers or Crops they wish to rank.

• Import Crop rank order lists from Farmers

• Access outcome reports at the conclusion of a Match

EFCAS

FarmerState

Soil scientistCredit

facility

Buyer

Source: NRMP & ERAS USA

6. NAMP: Step-by-step EFAS Process

Previous harvestSales certificateCredit report

Soil test reportWater resourcesAgri-match

6. NAMP - Advantages

• Farmers match history – • Helps avoid mono-cropping• Crop rotation can be done• Bad lands – Crop holiday

• Match reports – helps planning: • Seeds, Fertilziers & Pesticides• Extension services• Marketing research for Agro / Food processing industries

Source: NRMP, USA

6. NAMP - Advantages

• Farmers/State - Waiver/violation history• Disciplinary actions can be taken

• Regional match statistics – Crop types• Helps estimation of Production and Types.

• Did myCrops fill ?• Help assess shortages

• Confidential report of Crops matched farmers

• Estimation of un-used land• Non –farming real estate investors can be indentified

Source: NRMP, USA

7. Mobile based Extension services

Source: Tata Consulting Services

8. E-scales

• All licensed dealers should have e-scales.

• Remains locked until activated

• Online Activation by swiping the Card of the dealer

• Weighing starts once Kisan Card is swiped and farmer’s data is entered.

• Type of produce, harvest date, strain are entered.

8. E-Scales - Process

Online activation after swipingDealers and Farmer’s Cards

Via Internet

Automatically update on District/State/National Database

Static or Mobile E-scales with Net-connectivity

8. E-Scales - Process

8. E-scales - Advantages

• All purchases will be recorded

• Day to day database of Sales & Purchases are updated

• Government can keep track of the stock

• Black marketers can be avoided

• Control of Commodity prices

• Increases Tax collection from Agri Trade

9. RFID Coded Tamper Proof Package

Polypropylene bags

9. RFID Details

• Farm details

• Farmer details

• Soil Grade

• Crops type / Grade / Quality

• Primary buyer

• Warehouse

• Every Transaction

9. RFID - Advantages

RFIDTracking system

Standards & Safety

Consumer confidence

Price Premiums

Access to Global marketCosts & Risks

of Product Recall

Quality improvem

ent

Rise of Supermar

kets

Decreased Handling

& Wastage

Business efficiency &

Cost Reduction

WTO Complian

ce

10. Independent Crops quality control authority

• Third party – Crop Quality or Standards authority

• RFID /Bar Coded technique to avoid bias

• Uploaded to Central database/EFCAS automatically

• SMS Alert to the farmer and Buyer

• Crop Grade & Quality updated on the RFID tag

• Final rates will be based on Quality testing or Grading

11. Authorized dealers / APMC

• E-scale, Computer, Internet & Packing facility

• APMC dealers with warehouses to continue

• Mobile dealers with all facilities

• Register number to be quoted during all transactions

• Only cashless, online transactions

• Authorized to distribute Warehouse Cash Receipts

11. Authorized dealers - Advantages

• Private Lending & Extraction cycle will stop

• Prevents black marketing and hoarding

• Increase Tax revenue from Agriculture business

• Facilitates data collection

• Improves quality

12.National Agri Exchange Programme (NAEP)

• Connects all Registered dealers

• Allows comparisons of prices across regions

• Helps equalizing the prices

• Commodities can be moved from: • Excess areas to shortage areas • Low demand to high demand areas

Picture Source: E-Mandi, GOK.

12. NAEP: Online e-Shopping Platform

Source: e-bay

12. NAEP: Rating of sellers

Source: e-bay

12. NAEP - Advantages

• Equalizes prices at national level

• Ensures Fare price to Farmers

• Economical prices to consumers

• Helps control Commodity prices in the country

• Increase contribution to GDP

• Increased contribution to capital formation

13. Fair prices to farmers

• National Farmer’s committee report

• Headed by Prof. M.S Swaminathan

• >50% of Average weighted prices

13. Govt mediated Contractual farming

• Food Processing Industry (FPI) Vs Farmers

• FPI to provide Investment & Extension Service

• FPS to provide:• Letter of Credit• Bank Guarantee• Deposit Purchase amount

• Farmers to sell through Kisan Cards

• Banks to pay – Complete/50%/Warehouse Cash receipt

14. Warehouse management system

• FCI to stock mainly Buffer stocks

• Large private ware houses.

• Small ware houses – APMC.

• Domestic warehouse – Farm Co-ops, Farmers.

• Rural Granary to be re-established.

• Capacity building - Quality warehouse practices

15. Spatially distributed warehousing

• Computerized Warehouse management system

• Warehouse connected to central database.

• Just-in method of inventory system

• Warehouse cash receipt system

• RFID Coded transactions

• Every grain to be traced

15. Single window tax system at APMCs

• At present multiple tax regimes & multi-point market fee

• > 12% of the Total value of produce marketed

• Commission 1% to 2.5% for Food grains & 4% to 8% for Fruit & Vegetables

• Price discovery not transparent & Payment delay

• Prices should be uniform across the country

• Prices should be available online - 24 X 7

16. Abolition of Inter-state TRADE barriers

• Remove interstate TRADE barriers

• Create Uniform National Market

• Easy physical movement of goods from one state to other

17. GPS Based logistics – Mechanism

17. GPS Based logistics - Tracking

GPS Based logistics - Advantages

18. National Farm Insurance Scheme

• Automatic Insurance after registration at NAMP & EFCAS

• Crop health to be monitored online

• Compensation based on Crop health and Adversaries

• Human intervention minimized

• Automatic online Insurance payment – If adversary

• Kisan Card based transactions

19. Re-organization of PDS

• Implement Decentralized PDS system

• Grains according to local consumption patterns

• Local re-distribution of Grains

• Source of Protein to be included • e.g., Bengal Gram (Chickpea), Broccoli or Egg

• Extend PDS to other house hold items

• Distribution based on Kisan Credit Card

Orchestrating Annual Agri Cycle



Mob: 9342310854


Annual Agri Cycle

Natiional Demand

estimationGPS Soil testing

Collect Weather,

Ground water Reservoirs information

Estimate seed,

fertilizer & pesticide

requirement

Requirement oriented seeding

using Agri-matchProvide

investment, technology & Insurance

Monitor Crop Health using Agri-

Satellite

Purchase using e-scales

Prepare National

Production database

Spatially distributed

warehouse / Cold storage

Sales through

National Agri exchange

Distribution through GPS

installed Vehicles.

Autonomous institution

Step 1. National Demand estimation

• If we fail to plan, actually we are planning to fail.

I. National Demand Estimation

• Sources of information• State• PDS• National Buffer Stock (FCI)• Supermarkets• Retailers• Supermarkets• Food processing Industry• Exporters• Consumers• Importing nationals• Donation requirements

1. National Demand Estimation-Advantages

• Understand consumer changing patterns

• Prepare for Risk management

• Prevent surplus and wastage

• Marketing research easy

• Helps estimate input requirement

1. National Demand Estimation - Advantages

• Facilitates extension services

• Targets provide Focus

• Easily manageable targets

• Responsibilities & Accountability

• Marketing & Logistics planning easy

2. Collecting Soil Testing data

• Annual Soil testing at the end of the harvest season

• Soil testing by third party

• Coded Soil sample bags to avoid bias

• Soil test report to be updated online

• Draw Soil maps• Village / Panchayath / Thaluk / District / State Soil Maps

3. Collect water source & Weather data

• Various water bodies

• Underground water levels

• Rain & Weather information

• Rain water harvesting info

• Other water sources

• Draw Taluk/District/State/Country wide water map


Draw Hydro-geological Map of India


Draw District-wise Irrigation Profiles


Weather information

4. Regional distribution of Demand

India

Region1

District1

Region2 Region3

4. State wise Distribution of Crops

• Assimilation of Soil test report and water source data.

• Farm Grading of the regions based on the Soil+water+weather data

• Crops advisory based on the Farm grade.

• State / Region / District wise distribution of the Crops demand

• Notification through Gazette / DD / Radio

• Initiate Agri Match Process

5. Inputs estimation & Preparation

• Seeds

• Fertilizer

• Pesticides

• Water release

• Crop Insurance

• Risk management

• Extension services

6. Agri-match programme

• Farmers Crops Rank order list (ROL) based on advisory.

• State Rank order list based on Farm Grades.

• Matched through a computerized mathematical algorithm.

• Unbiased match, Similar to CET admissions.

• Incentive or subsidies are given to get harvest of certain crops.

6. Agri-match programme

• Incentive or subsidies can be given NOT to grow certain Crops.

• Provide Crop Holiday

• Experimental Crops can be planned

• Arrange matched Crops + Extension

7. Investment, inputs & extension service (IIE)

• Matched farmers provided IIE services

• Kisan smart card based credit distribution

• Distribution through Farm Co-operatives

8. Continuous Online Crop health monitoring

• Farmer / Farm Cooperatives

• Extension workers

• Regional sensors

• Regional Metrology stations

• Agri Drones

• Krishi Satellite

Crop health monitoring: Krishi (Agri) Satellite

Picture courtesy: Satellite Imaging Corporation

Assessment of Crop health using Agri Satellite (Krishi Satellitle)

Agrowatch™ Green Vegetation Index Maps

Krishi (Agri) Satellite

9. Extension services

• Mobile based

• Via Farm Co-ops

• Extension workers

• Optimum fertilizer use

• Integrated farming

• Pest management

• Water management

10. Purchase through E-Scales

10. Purchase: through e-scales

• All payments only through Cashless, online payment.

• Adverse event: Insurance payment based on crop monitoring data

• Subsidies / Incentives are added.

• Full / 50% payment / Warehouse cash receipt (WCR).

• Full payment at current market prices.

• Payment after deducting Cost of input & investment provided.

10. Purchase: Market driven prices

• 50% payment at current market prices.

• Warehouse cash receipt at current prices.

• 50% Payment / WCR have option of WAITING for RIGHT PRICE.

• At the time final sale, balance at the prevailing market price.

• Investment & inputs deducted.

• Subsidies & Incentives added.

11. Prepare production/yield database

• Crop type database

• Regional database

• National database

• Ware house database

12. Warehouse management system

• Computerized warehouse management

• RFID coded inventory

• Online updating of Stocks

• Every Grain is traced

13.Sales through National Agri Exchange

• Spatial integration of the markets.

• One country, one price policy.

• One window, uniform taxes / service charges

• Movement of goods from low price to high price areas.

• Low demand to high demand areas.

• Final price = Original Price + Transport cost.

• E-bay type online auction format.

14. Logistics through GPS based vehicles

• Accountable

• Tracing

• Prevents black marketing

Next - International Agri Stock Exchange

• SAARC Agri Stock exchange

• ASEAN Agri Stock exchange

• ASIAN Agri Stock exchange

• International Agri Stock exchange

Thank you!

Please Contact me for more details:

Dr. Prahlada N.BKarnataka ENT Hospital & Research Center, #29, Basava Bhavana, Bheemasamudra Road, Davalagri Extension II Stage,Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Mob: 9342310854


www.indiahearing.org/agriculture/

mailto:[email protected]

Science

Path to Ever Green Revolution