PLANT AND ANIMAL

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

WHAT IS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body.

DIGESTIONA process by which food is changed into a simpler form after it is eaten.

NUTRITION, DIGESTION AND ASSIMILATION

IN PLANTS

NUTRITIONPlants need mineral nutrients which are absorbed by roots as inorganic ions.

DIGESTIONDigestion in plants occurs within the cells where carbohydrates, fats and proteins are stored.

ASSIMILATIONOrganic matter produced through photosynthesis is eventually used in building protoplasm and cell wall.

DIGESTION AND

NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

3 BASIC FOOD GROUPS Body building foods

Energy-rich Foods

Regulating foods

TYPES OF NUTRITION Holophytic Holozoic Saprozoic

Types of animals according to their diet: Herbivores Ex.  Cows, horses, mice, elephants Carnivores Ex. Lion, tiger, cat, dog, snake, sharks Omnivores Ex. Chickens, Tarsiers, Mice, Swans, bear

THE HUMAN

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PARTS OF THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEMI. Mouth or Oral Cavity-

a. tongue- consists of striated muscleb. teeth- break food into smaller pieces

Kinds of teeth according to origin:1. Deciduous or milk teeth- replaced during

childhood2. Permanent- replaces the milk teeth

Kinds of teeth according to use:1. Incisors- for biting and tearing2. Canines- for piercing3. Premolars and molars- for grinding

II. Pharynx- the cavity behind the palate

III. Esophagus- muscular tube which leads food downward

IV. Stomach- muscular sac found on the left side of the body

- serves as storage of food and partial digestions 3 regions

cardiac, fundus, pyloric

V. Small intestine- coiled tube about 7meters long and approximately 2.5 cm in diameter

3 segmentsduodenum, jejunum, ileum

Intestinal movementsPeristaltic and Churning

VI. Large intestine of Colon- it is U-shaped and has thicker walls than the small intestines.

Functions:To transport the wastes to the rectumTo absorb the water and reduces the waste to semi-gold state

ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM1. Liver- largest gland in the bodyFunctions: a. produces bile b. stores and converts sugar c. synthesizes of plasma protein d. stores certain vitamins e. plays a very important role in the

synthesis and dehydration of protein f. plays an important role in the

metabolism of hemoglobin

2. Gall Bladder- serves as storage of bile3. Pancreas- irregular, diffuse mass of tissues lying between the stomach and the duodenum.

PROCESS OF FOOD DIGESTIONIngestionDigestionAbsorptionCirculationAssimilationEgestion

ROUTES OF DIGESTED FOOD Amino acids and Simple Sugars are the

end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion that pass through:

Refer to page 80.

ABSORPTION AND METABOLISMCARBOHYDRATESGlucose, fructose, and galactose are absorbed directly by the blood in the intestinal veins, hepatic portal vein and into the liver.

PROTEINSAmino acids are absorbed by the blood and brought to the liver also by way of the hepatic portal vein.

FATSGlycerol and fatty acids are not absorbed directly by the blood but have to pass through the lymphatic circulation before going into the ordinary blood vascular circulation.

ASSIMILATION1. Incorporated into the tissue2. oxidized to provide energy

EGESTION12-24 hours are required for the waste product of digestion to pass through the colon and the rectum.

VITAMINSRelatively organic compounds, which through present in small scanty amounts that cannot be used as sources of energy are absolutely essential to life.

2 major groups of vitamins:Fat soluble- A, D, E, and KWater soluble- C and B complex

MINERALS experiments have shown that minute amounts of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and iodine are essential trace elements for animals.

Thank you!

Reporters:Celestial, Cris JoanCuerda, Francis MharGerpacio, Donna FlorRabor, Emelyn