Nutrients Water Energy

Recovery of Calcium Phosphate and Methane from black water using a UASB reactor

J. R. Cunha (1,2), R. D. van der Weijden (2), L. Hernández Leal (1), G. Zeeman (2),

C. J. N. Buisman (1,2)

1. Wetsus, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

2. Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands

Wetsus

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Leeuwarden

Wetsus

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www.wetsus.nl

Industry/

Companies

Universities/

Research Institutes

Wetsus – Scientific Themes

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www.wetsus.nl

23 •Advanced water treatment

•Algae

•Applied water physics

•Biofouling

•Blue Energy

•Capacitive deionization

•CO2 energy

•Concentrates

•Dehydration

•Desalination

•Genomics based water quality monitoring

•Groundwater technology

•Natural Flocculants

•Phosphate Recovery

•Priority compounds

•Protein from water

•Resource Recovery

•Sensoring

•Smart water grids

•Source separated sanitation•Sulfur

•Virus Control

23 Educational institutes

Over 100National and international

companies

Phosphorus recovery from concentrated WW streams

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www.wetsus.nl

Black water Dairy ManureVacuum collected

Highly concentrated vacuum collected Black Water (BW)

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Black water

(Feces + Urine)

Kitchen

wasteGrey

water

Conventional

sewer

Volume L cap-1 d-1 6 0.6 79 300

CODTotalg L-1 8 98 0.7 0.6

P Totalmg L-1 176 330 5 12

NH4+- N g L-1 0.8 - 0.02 0.07

Tervahauta et al. (2013) Water (5)

Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)

Resource Oriented - Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse

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Rapport (2014) STOWA

Sneek, The Netherlands

Resource Oriented - Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse

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Rapport (2014) STOWA

Graaff et al. (2011) WS&T 63 (11)

Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)

MgO

CH4

Anaerobic

reactor

P

Recovery

Nitrogen

Removal

Struvite

Effluent

Calcium

phosphate (CaP)

granules

N2

EffluentBlack

Water

Calcium phosphate granulation

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Cunha et al. (2017) JEMA (Accepted)

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Thank you very much for your attention

Heavy Metals Assessment

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Parameter UnitCaP

Granules [1](Black water)

Struvite [2](Black Water)

Sewage Sludge Ash

[3] [4]

Bio-PSludge Ash

[3]

PhosphateRock

(High-grade) [5]

RequirementsP industry /

Fertilizer regulation [2] [3]

P2O5 wt% 35 36 19 36 28 – 38 ≥ 25

Fe g · kg P2O5-1 2 21 526 44 0.4 40

Zn mg · kg P2O5-1 430 59 18421 8611 16 – 1355 4000

Cu 143 134 8421 4167 60 – 342 1875

[1] Tervahauta, T.; et al.. (2013). Water Research. 48.[2] Gell, Kealan; et al.. (2011). Journal of Agricultural Science. 3.3.[3] Schipper, W.J.; et al.. (2001). Environmental Technology. 22.[4] Franz, M.. (2008). Waste Management. 28.[5] Aydin, I.: et al.. (2010). Microchemical Journal. 96.

Surplus of Phosphorus in The Netherlands

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2008 2011

MkgP

yea

r-1

Input

Total Input

Mineral Fertilizer (Input)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2008 2011

MkgP

yea

r-1

Output

Export Manure

Total Export

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2008 2011

MkgP

yea

r-1

Accumulated

Balance

Smit et al. (2015) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 103 (1)

38 %