Training on Integrated Management of Endemic Diseases to upgrade the Smallholder Pig Value Chain in Uganda

Dione, M.M., Pezo, D., Ouma, E.A., Roesel, K., Brandes D., and Kawuma, B.

The 4th International Conference on Sustainable Livelihoods and Health in Africa 18-19 June 2015

Kampala, Uganda

Importance of Pig Production in Uganda

Pig production- a dynamic and rapidly growing sector in Uganda. In the past three decades increased from 0.19 to 3.2 million pigs (UBOS, 2009; FAO, 2011).

Uganda has the highest per capita consumption (3.4 kg/person/year) in the region -10 times increase in the last 30 years, whereas beef is declining (FAO, 2011)

Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development (SPVCD)Project Approach

A Value Chain Approach to transform subsistence level pig keeping into a more competitive business offering superior and safe pork to consumers.

It will help to reduce poverty and enhance food security for poor households, while preserving community natural resources (SPVCD, 2012)

Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development (SPVCD)Project Methodology

• Stakeholder Consultation• GIS Study on Targeting Smallholder Pig Value Chains in

Uganda• Situational Analysis of the Pig Sector in Uganda• Participatory Outcome Mapping and Site Selection• Value chain toolkit development• Value Chain Assessment (VCA)• Benchmarking surveys• Best-bets intervention selection• Testing and validation of best-bets• Scaling up and out of the interventions

Uganda smallholder pig value chain map (Ouma et al., 2014 slightly modified)

Production systems

• Confinement in corrals in the urban and peri-urban (

• Free-range and tethering in the rural area, especially during dry season

• More local and crossed breeds in rural as compared to urban

Main constraints: - Low productivity of local pigs- Lack of financial capacity- Lack of knowledge on pig management- Poor records keeping

• 70-75% of the diet is crop residues, forages and kitchen leftovers

• Most used crop residues are: sweet potato vines, cassava and yam leaves

Main constraints : - Fodder shortages during dry season- High cost of commercial feeds- Poor quality of purchased feeds

Health delivery actors are mostly veterinary paraprofessionals.Main constraints: - Poor implementation of quality assurance of products especially drugs and regulation- Poor logistics for communication between farmers and service providers- Poor drug handling by farmers and self-medication- Counter fake drugs found in the market- Poor surveillance and diagnostic capacities

Keeping types Feeding systems Input supply (treatment, advisory services)

Constraints related to disease control

- High disease burden (Swine fever and parasites)

- Lack of knowledge on pig management

- Poor keeping systems

- Poor feed quality and feeding strategies

- Weak biosecurity measures

- No movement control of pigs

- Trading of sick animals

- Lack of inspection of live pigs

- Inadequate transport means

- Poor biosecurity during trading

- Poor disposal of pig waste at abattoirs and slaughter slabs

- Poor pork handling practices

- Poor handling of meat after slaughter

- Proper meat inspection is lacking

- Lack of hygiene at pork joints

- Inadequate disposal of food waste (bones)

Production Trading Processing Consumption

Constraints related to public health

Knowledge gaps in pig management, disease control and marketing

• Biosecurity measures during outbreaks of ASF• How and when to report a disease in the pig

population• Proper deworming regimes• Best management package to maximize on

productivity (feeding, health, breeding)• Boar selection and biosecurity during breeding• Marketing and bargaining power• Skills in collective action

Training Modules for Facilitators: Learning Processes in Pig Value Chains

• Local experts develop the modules with support of ILRI team (technical, instructional design, etc.).

• Training of trainers on how to deliver innovative interventions to service providers, farmers and other actors.

• Testing of training modules with facilitators and

partners

• Development of approach for delivering the training package to target population (BRAC, ADINA FARM, PPM, etc…)

Capacity Development Tools

(1) Training manuals- African swine fever- Pig management- Parasites control- Pig feeding strategies- Strategic use of local feed resources- Business planning, financial management and improved access to markets(2) Fact sheets on biosecurity

Fact sheets on biosecurity

Producers Traders/Brokers/Transporters

Butchers Input suppliers

ILRILocal GovernmentMAIIFFarm GainAFID

ILRIUS VWB

- Training manual of pig slaughtering and pork handling- Fact sheets on biosecurity

ILRIUS VWBNALIRRIMAAIF

Fact sheets on biosecurity

ILRIUS VWB

Completed

On-going

On-going

On-going

The capacity development package is expected to help farmers and other value chain actors improve

their practices, and enhance their business skills for increased productivity of their pig enterprise

Expected outcomes

Upon successful completion of the module, the participants will be able to:

• Describe the clinical signs associated to African swine fever

• Understand how biosecurity measures can protect their pigs from disease

• Understand the importance of controlling pig movement

• Demonstrate willingness to report, and understand the value of early reporting and management of African swine fever

African swine fever

Expected outcomes

Upon completion of this module, participants will be able to:

• Describe their pig keeping systems and husbandry improvements they should make

• Determine the appropriate pig housing requirements that match their production systems and productivity improvement needs

• Integrate better management skills on their farms

• Use the sow calendar as a key management tool of pregnant sows

• Practice effective record keeping

Pig management

Expected outcomes

Upon successful completion of the module, the farmers should be able to:• Understand how parasites are transmitted to pigs

• Identify sick pigs due to parasite infestations

• Apply preventive measures to reduce parasite levels

• Understand treatment regimes for common parasite infestation cases in Uganda with the advise of a health worker

Parasite control in pigs

Pig marketing and institutional strengthening

Expected outcomesUpon successful completion of the module, the participants should:

• Have knowledge of basic marketing concepts

• Be able to identify market opportunities

• Develop plans for marketing pigs, piglets, and pork products

• Engage in institutional arrangements for pig marketing

• Mobilise participation and commitment in collective marketing

Pig business planning and financial management

Expected outcomesUpon successful completion of this module, farmers and smallholder pig entrepreneurs should be able to:

• Prepare a bankable business plan for their pig enterprise

• Identify potential financial sources with knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of each

• Apply appropriate financial management skills to their pig enterprises

Pig feeding strategies

Expected outcomesUpon successful completion of the module, participants should be able to:

• Identify the limitations of local feed resources

• Describe pig nutrient requirements at different stages or physiological states

• Mix different feeds to meet the nutrient requirements of pigs

• Implement strategic supplementation to enhance pig performance

• Make better use of water

Boar selection and management:

Expected outcomesUpon successful completion of the module, participants should be able to:• Know the importance of traits

and the most common breeds in Uganda

• Select a good boar for breeding

• Apply effective biosecurity measures when breeding

• Apply good boar management practices

Follow up steps• Field testing and validation• Scaling out• Monitoring and evaluation

Acknowledgments

IFAD/EUTraining manual consultantsLocal Governments of Masaka, Mukono and Kamuli