GIS Solutions for DEFENCE

P CHANDRAMOULI M.Sc.SME for GIS solutionsL&T TECHNOLOGY SERVICES LTDHyderabadPH:9701234348, 040-67068419

2

INTRODUCTION1

3 GIS Applications

4 How it Works

Why we need GIS in DEFENCE

5 Missile Technology

Introduction

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in military operations. The concept of Command, Control, Communication and Coordination in military operations is largely dependent on the availability of accurate, spatial information to arrive at quick decisions for operational orders. In the present digital era, GIS is an excellent tool for military commanders in the operations. The use of GIS applications in military forces has revolutionised the way in which these forces operate and function. Military forces use GIS in a variety of applications including

Cartography, Intelligence, Battle field management, Terrain analysis, Remote sensing, Military installation management and monitoring of possible terrorist activity

GIS & Remote sensing Solutions

Why we need GIS in DEFENCE

Spatial data is as of crucial importance to the Military Commander in the battle as it is for a decision-maker in the planning and development of a state’s growth. The Ministry of Defence (MOD) in any country gathers data on routing, filtering, analysing and presenting information for decision-making.

The regional conflicts, rapid deployment and flexible response imposes heavy burden on military commanders, their staff and supporting system to keep up-to-date situation on the ground about enemy activities. Visualizing raw tabular data within a spatial framework has many benefits. Therefore digital mapping and GIS occupy center stage in activities as diverse as battlefield simulation, mission briefing and communications planning, logistics management and command control.

GIS Applications

Defence Estate

management

Terrain Evaluation

Viewing Spatial Data

Naval Operations

Air Operations

Weather Information

Common Horizontal

Datum

Integrated Approach

Defence Estate ManagementUse of GIS in the management of military bases facilitates maintenance and the tackling of all stores, which may be found on the base. GIS allows military land and facilities managers to

Reduce base operation and maintenance costs, Improve mission effectiveness, Provide rapid modelling capabilities for analyzing

alternative strategies, Improve communication and to store institutional

knowledge. Terrain Evaluation In land based military operations,

How it Works

The GIS imagery product can serve a number of functions. • Local installation officials can use the multilayered GIS product

to plan additional security measures to deal with new terrorist threats.

• These local officials also can examine infrastructure issues, such as expansion or return of land to civilian use, in the context of the effects these changes would have in a variety of environmental areas.

• Defense Department officials can consider all of these factors in determining base realignment or closure.

What GIS can do for small units:• Command and control

• For company commanders, platoon and squad leaders

• Track movements and status of each person and unit

• Transmit messages, images, maps, to individuals

• Navigation• View 2D or 3D maps of current location in

multiple views• GPS to direct toward waypoints

• Soldier identification and target discrimination

• Friendly troops• Enemy troops• Civilians

GIS on the Battlefield: ESRICommand and Control

GIS on the Battlefield: ESRIMission Planning—Threat Domes

GIS for small units:• Terrain analysis

• Cross-country mobility• Patrol base analysis—OCOKA

• Observation and fields of fire• Cover and concealment• Obstacles• Key terrain• Avenues of approach

• Automated real-time data correction• Communication with command center

• Field commanders can query GIS analysts at command center to conduct terrain analysis or least cost path

Ranging & Terrain analysis

GIS on the Battlefield: ESRITracking and Monitoring

GIS on the Battlefield: ESRI

Military Operations in Urbanized Terrain

Emergency action plans

Virtual maps

Sample maps

Missile Technology

• Navigation• Inertial Navigation System (INS)• Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM)• (later) Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Terminal phase• Digital Scene Matching Area Correlator (DSMAC)

TERCOM

Target

Launch

INS Navigation

Waypoint fix

Stored map

Missile track

•Multiple raster maps stored (all with same dimensions)•Maps are DEMS of areas that have distinct topography•Spatial resolution increases with each successive map—“precision funneling”

Tomahawk Cruise Missile Track using INS

and TERCOM

DSMAC and TERCOM

Next Generation Missile—JASSM

• Joint Air-Surface Standoff Missile• Navigation

• INS• GPS

• Terminal Phase• IR seeker• Real-time target correlator

• Much more precise

The Future: GIS Integrated with Land Warrior

• Land Warrior System

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