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The Urban Dimension of Cultural and Creative Industries
The social, cultural and entrepreneurial elementRene Kooyman
MUAD 21 mai 2015
What’s going on?• Urbanisation• From industrial production to knowledge• Growth falters; is absent• Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) of strategic value
• Flexible labor markets
Spatial components: metropolis and decay
Changingperspectives:Long‐term /top‐downBottom‐up cooperativeinitiatives• Jacobs• Bourdieu• Florida
EU Policy
• Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) of strategic value
• ' Old School ' no longer valid: innovation = needed
• The economic powerof the cultural and creativeindustries
Cultural and creative industries
‘Cultural industries’: goods or services that embody cultural expressions,irrespective commercial value: film, DVD, video, television and radio, video games, new media, music, books and press, performing arts, visual arts.‘Creative industries’ : use culture as an input , whose outputs are mainly functional: architecture, advertising, gaming, design and fashion.’
Delineation of the Cultural&Creative sector(KEA 2005)
Contribution Cultural/Creative sector
• UNCTAD: Creative Economy Report 2010• EU: See EDCCI Page 102
A dynamic and fast‐growing industry, even in tough economic timesThe resilience during the economic crisis: • job creation in CCIs grew on average by 3.5% from 2000 to 2007
• continued to grow at 0.7% annually between 2008 and 2012• even as the number of jobs in the rest of the economy fell 0.7%
Benchmarking CCIs
Measuring cultural and creative markets Dec 2014
The new SME definition
Three criteria:
• Staff headcount• Annual turnover
or:• Balance sheet
turnover
• ???? ????
Size of EnterprisesBy sector across CCIs eurok le i s 2009
EDCCI: Page 64
Product characteristics
• Creative inputs and products are abundant• Hypercompetitive environment• Succes is uncertain: ‘nobody knows’• Knowledge‐based and labour‐intensive input• Not ‘simply merchandise’, but express cultural uniqueness and identities
• Experience goods; production and consumption ‘on the spot’
• Product life‐cycles are often short
Labour Market Characteristics• Labour market of the CCIs is complex• Thrives on numerous small initiatives• Career wise a high degree of uncertainty • A high share of freelancers and very small
companies• Non‐conventional forms of employment; part‐time,
temporary contracts, self‐employment , free‐lancers• Multiple job‐holdings; combined other sources• Does not fit into typical patterns of full‐time pro’s• Heterogeneity of human resources categories;
higher professional training, vernacular backgrounds, craft industry, any other category
CCIs Market Conditions• Markets volatile and unpredictable• Demand will increase with exposure• Promoting business strategies that are embryonic, provisional, highly responsive
• Based on 'intuitive' and 'emotional' knowledge as much as standard market research
• Unpredictable demand conditions; ‘nobody knows’
• Entrepreneurs are price takers: accept the prices that result from supply and demand. None of the players has enough market power to “dictate” prices to the customer (price makers)
CCIs : EU Top Regions
LQ is an indicator of CCI employment relative to the total employment of the region, where LQ>1 indicatesan over‐representation of CCI employment
Source: European Cluster Observatory
See EDCCI Page 102
Rene Kooyman3 June 2014
The Urban Quest
Talking about cities • Demographics: aging population• Mobility: multicultural societies• Changing consumer patterns• The networks: a connected society
AbandonedIndustrial area's
Revitalisation
The CURE Partners
CURE-WEB.EU
cre8te, EdinburghColchester Borough CouncilGrundstücksgesellsch KettwigStadt Hagen (Lead Partner) Stadt Dinslaken Stad BruggeLille Métropole
Dublin: Temple Bar (observer)Utrecht University of the Arts (academic partner)
Creative Urban Renewal (CURE) Aims to facilitate triggered growth of the
creative economy in decayed urban areas in medium-sized cities in Northwest-Europe
Very different situations:Tourism/heritage (Edinburgh, Brugge)Abandoned industrial sites: Essen Kettwig
(scheidshce Hallen), coal-mining areas Dinslaken, former textile industry Elbershallen, social-economical problem areas (Hagen, Lille)
Temple Bar Trust
Dublin:Dublin's
Cultural & Creative Quarter
The Challenge in 1991: The Regeneration of Temple
Bar
Meeting House Square
Scheidt’sche Hallen Kettwig
Former Spinning Mill; family business Closed in 1974 Public planning completed 2011 Housing area sold to an investor Partial demolition, reconstruction and
restauration 10.000 m2 for Creative Industries Flow of Diversity / Business Modelling
Kreativ Quartier Lohberg Dinslaken
Coal mine closed in 2005 Total 40 ha with 11 heritage buildings City Council and Investment Company
develop a partner-based concept Principles of sustainability and economic
feasibility Combine renewable energy and Creative
Industries “Idea meets Market”: Learning Lab, Creative
Value Chainhttp://www.kreativquartier-lohberg.de/
Kreativ Quartier LohbergDinslaken
Cultural Factory ElbershallenHagen
Former Textile Industry redeveloped since 2000
Public private partnership: City of Hagen 4.5 ha : first businesses commercially
driven; now diversified; daycare centre, bowling alley, supermarket; and Creative Industries (music school, dance studio, Theater an der Volme)
Diversity: different audiences
Lille Metropole Textile crisis 1970; regional
unemployment, poverty Trans-national initiative; concentrating
on ‘the image’ Requalification of derelict areas into AV
Cultural and Creative Incubator 4 dimensions: LL, CVC, FOD, CBM
Creative Value Chain: Screenworks Film Collective Creative desks program: incubator (CBM), Non-profit coworking and learning space (LL) for
independent workers, freelancers, start-ups, and the local community
Collaboration with private sector and academia
Creative Edinburgh
CURE-WEB.EU
ICE ICE Store: Creative OutletStore
CURE-WEB.EU
ICE Store:ICE Store is a new way of doing business. It is a not for profit social enterprise consisting of a retail store selling the work of independent artists and designers from Scotland. Everything in ICE Store is handmade giving special meaning to all of our products.
ICE Store for Creatives:Picture this: a city centre location to showcase your work, a place where you will have an audience of thousands and the support to take your talents to the wider world. A dream? ICE Store makes this a reality!ICE Store for Customers:Don’t you hate it when you can’t get that unique dress or necklace that suits you and the occasion perfectly? Or when finding the perfect gift for a friend becomes an impossible task? ICE Store makes it easy!
Brugge: cultural heritageEmpty shopping street not viable
Now: • pop-up shop• courses • vernacular design
Brugge – „design met wortels“Design with roots
CURE-WEB.EU
Contemporary design meets old handcraft techniques
Run workshops on knitting, making jewels with wax, old fabrics
Colchester UK Hidden
Kiosk This
OneWall
First site
Do we need a theoretical framework?
Concepts are an abstraction of reality We cannot communicate without using
concepts about the reality Creates a certain unity in objects
described and definitions Offers a self-audit facility to ensure
cohesion and appropriate conceptualisation for conclusions.
Creative Zone Innovator (CZI)
Sub-values and Indi-cators
How is it done?
1. Identify your fundamentals: basic dimensions (learning lab, creative value chain, flow of diversity, business modeling
2. Define the Core Values3. Identify and select Sub-values4. Specify and select Indicators
The Toolkit
Take Time: Urban Area Development is not done on a short-term strategy Persist: hold on to your perspective Spread the word: communications is
key-factor Build alliances: define, discuss and re-
define your projects Learn when you move along......
