Everything About PowerShell

EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT POWERSHELL *

©2016 LINKEDIN.COM/IN/GAETANOCAUSIO

* B U T W E R E A F R A I D TO A S K

WORKING WITH STRINGS


# Some operations on strings $line = "Hallo, this is a test string"

$line = $line.Replace("test", "123")

$idx = $line.IndexOf("this")

If ( [string]::Compare($stra, $strb, $True) ) { } # case sensitive compare

If ($line.StartsWith("Script")) { }

$line.Substring(2,3)

$line[2]

$line[2..4] # not a substring, this is an array !

$items = [Array]($line -split " ")

$lineArray = $line.ToCharArray()

"Hello $($MyName), today is $(get-date -format 'dd-MM')“ # string concatenation

# Formatting "Today is {0:dddd}" -f (Get-Date) # Show day of the week

"{0:N2}" -f 1554.22272 # Two decimal positions

"{0:P}" -f (5/10) # Percentage

"{0:C}" -f 5 # Currency

"0x{0:x}" -f 55 # Convert to Hex


# Be careful… if ($abc -eq "") { Write-Host "is null" } # may not work as you expected!

if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($abc)) { Write-Host "is null" } # this is better...

-contains # is designed to work on arrays, not strings

-match # looks for a match inside a string and supports regexes

–like # looks for a match inside a string and supports wildcards

# Regular Expressions If ("192.168.15.20" -match "\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}“) { }

If (([regex]::Matches($email, "[0-9]" )).count -gt 0) { }

$var = $var -replace '[{]?[0-9a-fA-F]{8}[-]?([0-9a-fA-F]{4}[-]?){3}[0-9a-fA-F]{12}[}]?', '[GUID]‘

$var = $var -replace '(19|20)\d\d(-)(0[1-9]|1[012])\2(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]) \d\d(:)\d\d(:)\d\d',

'[DATETIME]‘

DATA STRUCTURES

DATA STRUCTURES

# Array [Array]$ErrorMessages = @("File does not exist.")

$ErrorMessages += "Unable to open file.“ # add item to an array

$ErrorMessages[1] = "Unable to open file for writing.“ # change item in an array

Write-Host $ErrorMessages[0] # access item from an array

# ! you cannot remove items from an array, use a .NET System.Collections.ArrayList instead

# reading items in an array:

foreach ($message in $ErrorMessages) { Write-Host $message }

$mixArray = @(12,"David",1.2,$(Get-Date))

$mixArray.length # items in de array

# Array of Array [Array]$SkipFiles = @()

$SkipFiles +=, @("test.dat", 123)

$SkipFiles +=, @("file.dat", 7)

Write-Host $SkipFiles[1][0]

DATA STRUCTURES

# Dictionary $dict = New-Object 'system.collections.generic.dictionary[string,int]'

$dict["David"] = 36

$dict["Joe"] = 27

# Hash Table [hashtable]$ReturnData = @{}

$ReturnData.ErrorCode = 23

$ReturnData.ErrorMessage = "Failed to read database"

$ReturnData.ProcessedRecords = 0

$ReturnData.DataTable = new-object system.data.datatable

return $ReturnData

OPERATIONS ON FILES

OPERATIONS ON FILES

# Search or replace text in files Get-ChildItem -Filter "*.xml" -Path "D:\data" -Recurse | Select-String -pattern "123456“

(Get-Content "c:\temp\test.xml").replace('[ID]', '123456') | Set-Content "c:\temp\test.xml"

# Operations on file system Copy-Item "d:\data\test.log" "d:\temp\"

Move-Item -path "d:\data\test.log" -destination "d:\temp\"

Rename-Item -path "d:\data\test.xml" "test.xml.processed"

if ($(Test-Path "d:\data\logs") -eq $false) {

New-Item -Name "logs" -Path "d:\data" -ItemType directory

}

$data | Out-File -Append "d:\data\file.dat“

# this will ask for confirmation, not handy in a script:

Remove-Item -Path "C:\temp" -Filter "*.log" -Force

# this works better on a script:

Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\temp" -Filter "*.log" | Remove-Item -force

OPERATIONS ON FILES

# Reading Files [Array]$InRecords = Import-Csv -Path "d:\test.csv" -Delimiter ',‘ -Header ID, Name, Age

$Data = Get-Content -Path $InputFile

[System.Object[]]$Triggers = Get-ChildItem -Filter "*.test.*.trg" -Path "d:\data"

ForEach ($Trigger in $Triggers) {

$Trigger.BaseName

$Trigger.Name

$Trigger.FullName

}

# Handy $HashCode = Get-FileHash -Path "$FileName" -Algorithm MD5

$HashCode.Hash

INTERACTIONS WITH OS


# Accessing environment variables [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("SYS_LOGS", "D:\data\Logs", "Machine")

$logs = $([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('SYS_LOGS','Machine'))

# Accessing Windows Events if(![System.Diagnostics.EventLog]::SourceExists("CleanUp")) {

[System.Diagnostics.EventLog]::CreateEventSource("CleanUp",'Application')

}

Write-Eventlog -logname 'Application' -source "CleanUp" –eventID 17532 -EntryType Information

-message "your event message"

# Start a DOS batch command Start-Process "D:\batch\run.cmd" "-f -v" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden-WorkingDirectory "D:\batch"

# Start a PowerShell script from DOS CALL %SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoLogo

-NonInteractive -File "D:\scripts\test.ps1"


# Start - Stop Services Disable-ScheduledTask -TaskName "Run Batch" -TaskPath "\MyServices\"

Stop-Service -DisplayName "MyWindowService"

iisreset /restart

Stop-Process -processname doc1gen* -Force

Restart-WebAppPool "MyWindowService“

# Get information from OS Get-WmiObject -Query "SELECT TotalPhysicalMemory FROM Win32_ComputerSystem"

Get-WmiObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_LogicalDisk" -ComputerName CLSERVER3

Get-WmiObject Win32_Processor -cn CLSERVER3

# list of all possible query options for above commands:

Get-WmiObject -List | Where-Object { $_.name -match 'memory' }

ABOUT SECURITY

ABOUT SECURITY

# Get user information $userAccount = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()

[System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal]$userAccount).IsInRole("Administrator")

Get-ADUser -Filter { SAMAccountName -eq ‘USR01A' } -Properties extensionAttribute6

Get-ADUser -Filter { SAMAccountName -like 'usr*' } -Properties SamAccountName

# Encrypt a string (i.e. password) ConvertTo-SecureString 'testtest' -AsPlainText -Force | ConvertFrom-SecureString | Out-File

-FilePath “c:\temp\password.dat"

# Decrypt a string $pswdSec = Get-Content "c:\temp\password.dat" | ConvertTo-SecureString

$bPswd = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($pswdSec)

$pswd = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto($bPswd)

USING XML

USING XML

# Example of processing an XML file [XML]$XML = Get-Content -Path "d:\data\file.xml"

if ($XML.HasChildNodes) {

if ( $XML.'header'.'data'.HasChildNodes) {

foreach ($XMLData in $XML.'header'.'data') {

$XMLData.CustomerName

$XMLData.Children.Child[0].Name

$XMLData.InnerXml

if ($XMLData.SelectSingleNode("Age") -eq $null) {

# Node does not exist

[System.Xml.XmlElement]$Node = $XMLData.CreateElement("Age")

$Node.InnerText = "34"

$XMLData.AppendChild($Node) | Out-Null

} else {

# Update existing node

[System.Xml.XmlElement]$Node = $XMLData.SelectSingleNode("Age")

$Node.InnerText = "34"

}

}

$XMLData.Save("$OutputFile")

}

}

WORKING WITH SQL

WORKING WITH SQL

# Prepare SQL Connections $SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SQLClient.SQLConnection

$SqlCommand = New-Object System.Data.SQLClient.SQLCommand

$SqlConnection.ConnectionString ="Server=MYSERVER;Database=TestDB;User

Id=SA_Account;Password=Passw0rd!;trusted_connection=False;"

$SqlCommand.Connection = $SqlConnection

# Fetch data via SQL query into a DataTable object $SqlQuery = "SELECT BatchId, Status from [DataTable]“

$adapter = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqldataadapter ($SqlQuery, $SqlConnection)

[system.data.datatable]$Batches = new-object system.data.datatable

$adapter.Fill($Batches) | out-null

foreach ($Row in $Batches)

{

"$($Row["BatchId"]) - $($Row["Status"])"

}

WORKING WITH SQL

# Execute an SQL statement $SqlCommand.CommandText = "UPDATE [Table] SET Status=3 WHERE BatchId=$ID"

$SqlConnection.Open()

$result = $SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()

$SqlConnection.Close()

# Working with Transactions $SqlConnection.Open()

$SqlTransaction =

$SqlConnection.BeginTransaction([System.Data.IsolationLevel]::Serializable)

$SqlCommand.Transaction = $SqlTransaction

$result = $SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()

if ($errors) {

$SqlTransaction.Rollback()

} else {

$SqlTransaction.Commit()

}

$SqlConnection.Close()

LAST BUT NOT LEAST

LAST BUT NOT LEAST

# Test for a valid email address if ([bool]($record["EmailAdres"] -as [Net.Mail.MailAddress])) { }

# Report execution progress Write-Progress -activity "Processing files" -status "Files read: " -PercentComplete 40

# Check speed of a command Measure-Command -Expression { get-service | ForEach-Object { Write-Host $PSItem.Name -ForegroundColor

"green“ } }

# Ask for user input $serverName = Read-Host "Enter server name:"

# It’s all about pipes: function test {

begin { write-host "start" }

process { write-host "$_" }

end { write-host "end" }

}

"a", "b", "c" | test

BONUS WEBSERVICES

BONUS WEBSERVICES

# Send simple mail message send-mailmessage -from "[email protected]" -to [email protected]

-subject "Test Email" -body "TEST" -smtpServer smtpmail.myserver.com

# Send HTML mail message with attachments $smtpServer = "smtpmail.myserver.com"

$mailfrom = "[email protected]"

$msg = new-object Net.Mail.MailMessage

$smtp = new-object Net.Mail.SmtpClient($smtpServer)

$msg.To.Add($MailAdres)

$msg.CC.Add($MailAdres)

$msg.From = $mailfrom

$msg.Bcc.Add("[email protected]")

$msg.Subject = $MailSubject

$msg.Attachments.Add($attFile)

$msg.IsBodyHtml = $True

$msg.Body = $HTMLBody

$smtp.Send($msg)

BONUS WEBSERVICES

# Post URL http://service.com/send?op=set&form=report&id=1234 [hashtable]$postParams = @{}

$postParams.OP = 'set'

$postParams.FORM = 'report'

$postParams.ID = '1234'

$url = "http://service.com/send"

$rc = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -Method GET -Body $postParams

# Download file from a URL web service $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient

$webClient.UseDefaultCredentials = $true

$url = "http://download.aspx?action=get&area=$($area)&id=$($id)"

$bron = $webClient.DownloadString($url)

# you may need to use a proxy for urls outside your network

If (Test-Connection "myserver.com" -Count 1 -Quiet ) {

$global:PSDefaultParameterValues = @{

'Invoke-RestMethod:Proxy'='http://myproxy.com/acc_base.pac'

'Invoke-WebRequest:Proxy'='http://myproxy.com/acc_base.pac'

'*:ProxyUseDefaultCredentials'=$true

}

}

BONUS WEBSERVICES

# SOAP request $webService = "http://myserver/myservice/interfaceWcfService.svc"

$Action = "http://mycompany.com/interfaceWcfService/Contract/IinterfaceWcfService/Start"

[XML]$SOAPRequest = '<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/

envelope/" xmlns:con="http://mycompany.com/interfaceWcfService/Contract"><soapenv:Header/

><soapenv:Body><con:StartID><con:appName>APP_ID</con:appName></con:StartID></soapenv:Body></

soapenv:Envelope>‘

$soapWebRequest = [System.Net.WebRequest]::Create( $webService)

$soapWebRequest.Headers.Add( "SOAPAction", $Action)

$soapWebRequest.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=`"utf-8`""

$soapWebRequest.Accept = "application/xop+xml, application/dime, multipart/related, text/xml";

$soapWebRequest.Method = "POST"

$requestStream = $soapWebRequest.GetRequestStream()

$SOAPRequest.Save($requestStream)

$requestStream.Close()

# perform SOAP request

$resp = $soapWebRequest.GetResponse()

$responseStream = $resp.GetResponseStream()

# get response

$soapReader = [System.IO.StreamReader]($responseStream)

$ReturnXml = $soapReader.ReadToEnd()

$responseStream.Close()

"Webservice Response = $($resp.StatusDescription)"

THE END©2016 LINKEDIN.COM/IN/GAETANOCAUSIO

Software

Everything About PowerShell