Fiqh of Salah :: Summarized

Index

General Rules of Shariah-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3Salah is Invalid-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3How important is Salah ?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

Some Major Importance---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4Importance of Salah Analogy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4Adhan & Iqamah---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4What is a person who does not pray ?--------------------------------------------------------------------------5How to make the Hell Haram ?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Camels & Wudu after eating Meats-----------------------------------------------------------------------------5Action in Salah-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Pre-Conditions of Salah-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Khushu is Wajib :: 40 Ways of Building Khushu !!!---------------------------------------------------------6Pillars of Salah-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6Wajib or Obligatory Actions in Salah--------------------------------------------------------------------------6Important Manners of Prayer------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7Prostration of Forgetfulness :: Read from Note---------------------------------------------------------------8How to do Sajda Sahu ?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8Leading Prayers----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8Not a Musafir :: Vast Majority Agrees. Minor Ikhteelaf-----------------------------------------------------8Scenarios------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2

General Rules of Shariah1. Actions are nothing but intentions2. A person will be judged based on his/her knowledge but intentional ignorance is not an

excuse3. Everything is permitted unless an evidence proves otherwise4. Every Ibadah is Haram unless evidence proves otherwise5. Circumstance dictates exception6. Generality takes precedence over exception in times of conflict 7. There can be Ikhteelaf in Fatwa but no Ikhteelaf in Hukum8. Obligation can be prolonged/delayed as much as possible9. Certainty takes precedence over doubt10. Prohibition takes precedence over permissibility11. Performance is lower priority while acceptance is higher priority. Master & slave relation12. A statement cannot be considered as abrogation unless you are unable to reconcile

among/between the verses on the same topic13. Sacrifice lower priority to establish the higher priority14. Off the two always chose the lesser evil or the best option15. Salah related :: Shortening is to travelling and joining is to difficulty

- Sahih Muslim, 1508 – 1524- Sahih Muslim, 1458 - 1486

16. Salah related :: Pillar is more obligatory than the obligatory deeds17. Salah Related :: Imam is to be followed18. Salah Related :: Imam takes the Wajib of the followers

Salah is Invalid- During prayer it is the Rakah- After prayer it is the whole prayer- Do not invalidate a person’s Salah who has said the Fatihah

How important is Salah ?

Fasting :: In times of hardship you can break it.Zakah :: You can delay if you do not have the moneySalah :: NO EXCUSE !!!

3

Some Major Importance1. Direct Link w/Allah :: Recitation of Fatihah, Allah answers directly

a. Imam Nawawi Hadith :: 8, originally Muslimb. Sahih Muslim, Volume 1, Book 8, 406 & 407

2. Direct Spoken Order from Allaha. Surah 20, Ta-Ha, Verse 14-15

3. First act of beliefa. First Verses :: Surah 96, Al-Alaq :- Verses 1 – 5b. Surah 73, Al-Muzammil, Verse 1-19. Tahajjud obligatory initially

4. 50 prayers equals to 5 a. Sahih Bukhari - Volume 1, Book 8, Number 345:

5. Obligated even in the battle6. Soundness of the prayer follows onto other deeds

a. Imam Nawawi Hadith :: 9, originally Tirmidhi7. Leaving it is disbelief8. Divides between Islam & Kufr

a. Sahih Muslim, Chapter 36, Book 1, Number 144 to 1469. Protects from filthy & evil deeds.

a. Surah 29, Al-Ankabut, Verse 4510. Final Advise :: The Salah, The Salah11. Those who does not pray will go blind

a. Surah 20, Ta-Ha, Verse 12412. Without Salah NOTHING is accepted

Comment :: Our prayers will intercede for us in the day of judgment.

Importance of Salah Analogy

- Two Major thoughtso One group, Time is most importanto Other group, Pillar is most important

Adhan & Iqamah- Sunnah to give Adhan. Even if alone

o Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 609o Sahih Muslim, Hadith 901

- Forbidden to leave mosque when Adhan has been pronouncedo Sahih Muslim, 1377 - 1378

- Fajr has two Adhan :: (1) False Dawn (2) True Dawn- Intention is a must and give response to Adhan

o Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 0746 - 0757

- Adhan’s Dua and Rasul (saw) will intercedeo Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 614

- Muadhdhin must be trustworthy person since needs to go to the minaret or top of the roof

- Two types of Adhano 15 Phraseso 19 Phrases

- Three types of Iqamaho 11 Phrases

- Ahmed :: 16478- Trimidhi :: 189, authenticated by Al-Bukhari

o 17 Phrases- Ahmed :: 27252- Abu Dawud :: 205 w/Hasan isnad

o 15 Phrases- From Muwatta of Imam Malik. Authentic

4

What is a person who does not pray ?- A person who does not pray is worse than a fornicator, worse than a stealer, worse than

a killer and worse than all the 3 together. Ijma of the majority and all the madhabs.

How to make the Hell Haram ?- If a person prays in the mosque in jammah for 40 days in a row, not missing a single

prayer from Takbeeratul-Ihram

Camels & Wudu after eating Meats Camels are made of Shaytan / Jinn :: Sahih Muslim 3/332 #450

o That’s why camel herders are rough & tough looking, always looking angry Do not pray in Camel Stable :: Sahih Sunnan ibn Majah, 1/128 #623

Action in Salah Pre-Conditions of Salah Pillar of Salah Wajib or Obligatory Actions of Salah Recommended Sunnah Allowed Disliked Haram

Pre-Conditions of Salah1. Freedom from ritual impurity2. Start of the time of Prayer3. Covering the Awrah

a. Male :: 2 types of Awrahb. Female :: 3 types of Awrah

4. Cleanliness :: Body, Cloth & Prayer place5. Facing Qiblah6. Intention for the specific prayer

Comment :: Always pray well dressed up as you are speaking to your Creator 101 basis. Do not pray in your sleeping dress.

Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer- Do not hurry

Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1249 to 1254- Do not cross between fingers- Say Dua when coming out of the house- Enter the Mosque (not required for Musallah) with right foot- If prayer started then do not pray Sunnah- Pray Tahiyyatul-Masjid upon entering the mosque with tranquility

Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 8, Numberv 434 to 435

5

Khushu is Wajib :: 40 Ways of Building Khushu !!!

Surah 2, Al-Baqarah, Verse 45Surah 23, Al-Mu’minun, Verse 1 - 2

Reward of Khushu :: Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 158

Pillars of Salah1. Standing up (if one is able)2. Takbeeratul-Ihram3. Reciting Surah Fatihah4. Bowing5. Standing up after bowing6. Prostrating on the seven parts of the body7. Sitting up between the prostrations8. Possessing tranquility & calmness during the Salah

a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 718, 7229. The Final Tashahhud

a. Sahih, Muslim, Book 4, 0793 to 080210. The final sitting11. The first Tasleem12. Praying in the order recorded from the Prophet (saw)

Wajib or Obligatory Actions in Salah1. Transitional Takbeer2. Supplications in Bowing & Prostration3. Supplication when getting up from Bowing4. The First Tashahhud5. Sitting for the first Tashahhud

Comment :: No need to make up for accidentally missing Wajib, Sajda Sahu will suffice. But if intentionally Wajib has been missed or ignored then the prayer is invalid and also sin.

6

Important Manners of Prayer1. Do not rush to prayer

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 8, Number 1249 - 12542. Raising of the hand during Takbir-Tahrima

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 07923. Place of putting the Hands in Salah

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0758 to 0763b. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 0792

4. Quiet in three places of Salah5. Should a person recite Bismillah aloud or not ?

a. Argument for :: Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0790 to 0791

b. Argument against :: Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0786 to 0788

6. Should follower recite loudly behind the Imam in Jammah ?a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0783 to 0785

7. Should follower read Fatihah in Jammah ?a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 723b. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0771 to 0782c. 1. This masala is a matter that people have differed over from theage of the companions - so dont debate

2. Majority of the Ulama are of the view that in the silent prayers you read behind the imam and in the audible ones you listen to the imam based upon the verse“When the Quran is recited, then listen attentively to it and remain silent so that mercy be shown to you.” [Surah I’raaf, Ayah 204]

In the silent they apply the hadith "There is no Salah without Fathiha"

So they apply the verse and the hadith  - not just one

Even Ibn Taymiyah and Al Albaani are of this view

See Albaanis book for more infoIbn Taymiya equated the recitation behind the Imam while he is reading to a donkey and the Imam pausing for followers to read as a bida

3. Even if the Imam pauses for you to recite and you were unabledueto it being a small pause - there is no problem - your Salah is valid

8. Say Ameen or not ?a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 747 to 749

9. Right way of doing Ruku10. Rasul (saw) used to raise his hands before and after Ruku

a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 702 to 706b. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0758 to 0763

11. Place hands on the chest before & after Ruku12. Dua after standing up from Ruku13. How to go to prostration ?

a. Do not fold / tuck up clothingi. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 774, 776, 779 to 780

14. What to do in the state of Prostration ?a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 785

15. What to do when sitting between two prostrations ?16. Do not bow or prostrate before Imam

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 0857 to 086117. Where to place your hand and what to do with the finger in the Tashahhud ?

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 1201 - 120518. Prophet used to keep his index finger pointed throughout the Tashahhud

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 1201 - 120519. Dua after Tashahhud not necessarily Dua Ibrahimah

a. Blessings on the Prophet i. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0803 to 0808

b. Durud or Dua Ibrahimahi. Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahab (Hanbali) made this wajib/obligatory

20. One can supplicate as much as they after this Dua21. Do not look at the sky

a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 717b. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0862 to 0863

7

Prostration of Forgetfulness :: Read from Note1. If one adds something to the Prayer2. If one omits something from the Prayer3. If one is in doubt

How to do Sajda Sahu ?- Tashahhud + Dua Ibrahim- Tasleems- 2 Sajda- Tasleems. Hanfis say Tashahhud + Dua Ibrahim before these Tasleems

Leading Prayers- Imam Needs to followed

o Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0817 to 0844o Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0857 to 0861

- The most learned person- Not valid to pray behind the one whose prayer is invalid- If the Imam start praying while sitting down ?

o If he is able to stand later then pray sittingo If he is sick, then stand and follow.

- While praying the Imam sits down- What to do when the Imam is leaving a pillar of the Prayer ?

o Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 0850 to 0852

- One whose prayer is correct, then his being the Imam is also acceptable- It is permissible for a person with Tayammum to lead others- How would Woman Lead prayer or when can they ?- If there is one follower, the follower needs to be on the right side of the Imam- A person praying alone in his own row is not valid- Do not take TV person as Imam unless in the same geographical area due to need- What to do when the Imam not fully covered or full naked ?- If a muslim catches one Rakah with the Imam then he has caught the congregation

o Congregation :: Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1260 to 1267

- Whoever catches a Ruku, then he has caught the Rakah- No tapping Imam in the Mosque. No evidence of Sunnah, Companion, Tabiun, Tabi-

Tabiun.

Not a Musafir :: Vast Majority Agrees. Minor Ikhteelaf- At city of residence- At parent’s residence- At In-law parent’s residence- At wife/wives residence- At Children’s residence- At Owned Holiday Home/Vacation Home Residence

8

Scenarios

1. While praying the Imam realizes he/she did not do Wudu or he/she broke Wudu2. Can we pray Nafl in congregation ?

a. Sahih Muslim, 1387 - 13933. 1 minute to go for the Salah period to end a boy/girl just reached his/her age of puberty4. What should a surgeon do who has to do a 6 or more hours of surgery where he will miss

2 Salah period ? Same applies for the patient.5. Jammah already started, shall I hurry, walk or run ?

a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1249 to 12546. Jammah started and I caught it at first Sajda of the first Rakah. Did I get that Rakah or

not ? Did I get the congregation ?a. Congregation :: Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1260 to 1267

7. A person just came out of comma or got back consciousness and there is just 2 minute left for Dhuhur prayer

a. The Pen has been raised from three: the one who is sleeping, until he awakens; the insane person, until he returns to his senses; and the child, until he reaches puberty. ….. Recorded by Ahmad in his Musnad, and Abu Dawud, An-Nasa’i and Ibn Majah.

8. 2 person praying jammah and 1 or 2 more came in9. While praying the Imam starts crying or for some reason is unable to continue10. Should an old man stand or pray ?11. While driving can you pray ?

a. Sahih Muslim, 1497 - 150712. After praying your Jammah can you lead another Jammah ? Can you lead multiple

Jammah ?13. You come to mosque seeing Asr Jammah but you still have not prayed Juhr yet. What do

you do ?14. While praying you or the Imam made a mistake in Fatihah 15. Scratching the back while bowing down16. Someone forgot first Tashahud in the prayer17. Someone not sure if he sat properly in the prayer18. A new muslim does not know how to pray 19. Imam says final tashahhud, stands up and goes on to stand for the fifth Rakah20. Realized that I am in the 5th Rakah21. A person after completing prayer realizes that he/she did not or might have not read

Fatihah22. Can I pray after smoking or eating something that gives out bad breathe or even

perfume ?a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 812 to 815b. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1141 to 1152

23. Can I carry my child while praying ?a. Sahih Muslim, Book 4, 1107 to 1110

24. Can I pray with my shoes on ?a. Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 8, Number 383b. Sahih Muslim, Book 2, Number 0520 - 0540c. Sahih Muslim, Book 8, 1129 to 1130

25. A person completed prayer but latera. A person told him that he did missed a Rakah or pillarb. A person brought another witness to provec. The person left his praying place and later came to know from another person

with a second witness that he missed a pillar or rakah26. While praying

a. phone starts ringingb. someone knocks at the doorc. your parent is calling youd. you child is continuously coming in front of you

9