“The Origin of the English Language”

English•French•German•Indian

However, they are related!!!

Language were formerly much more like each other than they are today.

Languages which are culturally in context are likely to have an influence on each other.

“THE LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE”

Celtic-speaking South

Germanic-speaking North

LATIN

CHRISTIAN ERA

“LANGUAGE GROUPS”CELTIC

LANGUAGES, were

spread over southern

and western Europe.

The names of some Celtic tribes survived in modern names, e.g.:-Belgi: Belgium-Gaul: Gallic-Welsh: Wales

Were invaded

and colonized by

BRITAIN AND

IRELAND

Celtic Speakers

Differences between the

Celtic spoken in

Britain and Ireland.

Irish Celtic

British

Celtic.

GALIC Spoken in

Britain

LATIN

“The Languag

e of Latium”

“The Dialect

of Rome”

Spread with the growth of the Roman Empire.

LATIN

Disappeared as a spoken Language

In:

-Africa

-South Germany

-Britain

BUT SURVIVED! In the central areas

of Continental Europe

THE MODERN ROMANCE LANGUAGE

THE DECLINE OF

THE ROMAN

EMPIRE

Latin in

Europe

The influence of all

major languages of

Europe:

-Vocabulary

-Grammar

LANGUAGES IN CONTACT

Celts

Germans

Roman

s

LANGUAGES IN BRITAIN Celtic Languages

4 BC. Britain andIreland are known Pretanic Islands

Britannia was the name adopted by the Romans who turn into Britain by the Germans

The arrival of Germanics Tribes

5th century AD, Old EnglishCeltic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders

Vocabulary contributionFarming culture:-ox, earth, plough, sheep, etc.

The start of the NORSE RAIDS

In the early 9th century

Danish Vikings invaded England

many times. Later on Vikings

settled and occupied

more of the country,

pushing the Anglo-

Saxons into smaller areas.

In The IX century almost a half of the country was in the hands of the NORSE-SPEAKING VIKINGS.

Four Great Kingdoms

•Northumbrian•Mercian•West Saxon•Kentish

IX century

Early EnglishWritten Spoken

Alphabet based on runes because

of the Christianity

LATIN

Creating connected texts used in letters

for complex vowels

Had varieties because of the tribes and Kingdoms which had prestige if were the dominant.

Northumbrian AnglianMercianWest Saxons PronunciationKentish differences