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Analysing the factors that led to the decline in Indian Football from the glory years of 1951-1962 and proposing a new football policy highlighting the socio-economic benefits in adopting the changes
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Master’s Thesis The Rise & Fall of Indian Football
Shekhar Ibhrampurkar
MA II – 1019
Under the Mentorship of
Prof. Rajas Parchure
Prof. Anurag Asawa
Current Status
FIFA Ranking Men Current: 154 Highest: 94 (February 1996) Lowest: 165 (March 2007) Women Current: 53 Highest: 50 (March 2009) Lowest: 100 (September 2009)
Methodology
The Golden Era, 1950- 1964
The Lost Decade’s, 1965- 1991
A New Beginning, 1992- present
The Golden Era
Olympics
4th place- 1956
Asian Games/ Asiad
Gold- 1951, 1962
Silver- 1954
Bronze- 1970
Asian Nations Cup/ AFC Asian Cup
Runners up- 1964
The Golden Era contd.
1950- 1964
Win Ratio: 49-31-4-14 (63%)
Key Players: Pradip Banerjee, Neville D’souza, Late Salien Manna
Important Results
India- Australia: 7-1, 12/12/1956
India- Australia: 4-2, 1/12/1956
India- Hong Kong: 5-2, 30/5/1958
The Lost Decade’s
1965- 1991 Win Ratio: 151-48-30-73 (32%) Key Players: Shabbir Ali Results India- Burma: 0-6, 1/11/1969 India- Burma: 1-9, 6/8/1971 India- Chinese Taipei: 1-7, 7/9/1974 India Thailand: 2-6, 11/8/1976 1974-76: 7 match losing streak
The Lost Decade’s contd.
Competitions
1982 Asian Games (Hosts)
1984 Asian Nations Cup/ AFC Asian Cup
A New Beginning
1992- present
Win ratio: 167:61:34:72 (37%)
Key Players: Bhaichung Bhutia, I.M.Vijayan, Sunil Chhetri, Jeje Lalpekhlua
A New Beginning contd.
Competitions SAF Games/ South Asian Games Gold- 1984, 1987 Saarc Cup/ SAFF Cup Winner- 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2009, 2011 Runners Up- 1995, 2008 Third Place- 2003 Afro Asian Games Silver- 2003 LG Cup Winner- 2002 Nehru Cup Winner- 2007, 2009 AFC Challenge Cup Winner- 2008
Factors Stunting Growth
Investment in Indian Football Football Clubs Youth Development Programs Stadiums Revenue Structure Broadcasting Rights Match Day Revenues Commercialization & Sponsorship Regional Dominance Dependence on Foreign talent Unstable National structure
Birth of Clubs
National Level Football League started in 1996/97
Clubs Participating in the NFL/ I League
Total: 38
Pre 1964: 14 (37%)
1965- 1991: 6 (16%)
1992- present: 16 (42%)
Last Decade (2000-2011): 14 (37%)
Major Youth Development Programs
Tata Football Academy*, 1987
JCT, 1998
Sesa, 1999
Pune FC, 2011
Mohun Bagan AC, 2003, 2009
Dempo
Role of Youth Academies
Home-Grown Players
Transfer Fee Gains/ Savings
Domestic Support
Performance
Stadiums
Stadium Location Capacity Pitch Type Tenants
Balewadi Sports Complex Pune 20,000 Grass Pune FC
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Kochi 60,000 Grass Chirag United
Fatorda Stadium Margao 27,300 Grass Churchill Brothers Dempo Salgaocar Sporting Clube de Goa
Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata 1,20,000 Astroturf Mohun Bagan East Bengal Palian Arrows Prayag United
Bangalore Football Stadium Bangalore 15,000 Astroturf HAL
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Shillong 25,000 Grass Shillong Lajhong
Business Model
Performance
Crowd Support
Sponsorships
Investments
Future Prospects
European Clubs Revenue Structure
Match Day 35%
Broadcasting 37%
Commercial 28%
English Model
Match Day 14%
Broadcasting 61%
Commercial 25%
Italian Model
Match Day 25%
Broadcasting 22%
Commercial 53%
German Model
Indian Clubs Revenue Structure
Match Day Revenues 0- negligible Season Ticket Sales Ticket Price: Rs.50-200 Average Attendance: 3913 Commercial sources No Club store/ Café/ Commercial Infrastructure No Merchandising Broadcasting 2007: Zee Sports 10 year deal, Terminated in 2010 2010/11: TV deal only for Mohun Bagan, East Bengal, United Sports Club 2011/12: Ten Sports, Live Telecast: 75/182 Games (41%) Defunct Clubs Mahindra United (2010) JCT (2011) FC Kochin (2002)
Prize Money & Incentives
Prize Money
Winner – Rs.50,00,000
Runners up- Rs.28,00,000
Rs.2,50,000 for participation in U19 League
Rs.2,50,000 for Administrative Staff
90% Gate Receipts
Rs.35,000 for Match win
I League Clubs Sponsorship
Estimated 80% Club revenues from Sponsorships
Sponsorship
Air India- Air India, Star Impact
Chirag United- Chirag Computers
Churchill Brothers- Churchill, Adidas
Dempo- Dempo, Nike
East Bengal- Kingfisher, Nivia, Bluechip Projects, Saradha Realty, CMRI, Pearless, Rose Valley
HAL- HAL
Mohun Bagan- McDowells, Adidas, Amra Remedies
Mumbai FC- Ten HD, Adidas
Palian Arrows- Palian
Prayag United- Prayag Group
Pune FC- Piramal Group, Peninsula, Adidas, Infosys, HerbalLife, Golds Gym
Salgaocar- Salgaocar
Shillong Lajhong- Aircel, Adidas, Kingfisher
Sporting Clube de Goa- Models, Adidas
Regional Dominance
National Level Football League Winners Goa: 7 Bengal: 6 Maharashtra: 1 Punjab: 1 Last 5 Seasons: Goa NFL: Mohun Bagan (3/11), East Bengal (3/11) I League: Dempo (2/5) Federation Cup: Mohun Bagan (13/33), East Bengal (7/33),
Salgaocar (4) Durand Cup: Mohun Bagan (18) IFA Shield: East Bengal (27)
Club Locations
Club Locations
New Clubs: 2000-present
North 1 (3%) South 7 (18%) West 11 (29%) East 10 (26%)
North East 9 (24%)
North 0 South 5 (36%) West 4 (29%) East 2 (14%)
North East 3 (21%)
Club Locations contd.
Football Clubs in only 13 states, 46% No clubs in Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, UP, Bihar, AP, etc. 15 states National Squad Composition State wise o Goa: 13 o Bengal: 12 o Maharashtra: 4 o Sikkim: 1 Club wise o Dempo: 5 o Salgaocar: 3 o Churchill Brothers: 4 o Mohun Bagan: 6 o East Bengal: 4 o Prayag United: 1 o Palian Arrows: 1 o Pune FC: 3 o Air India: 1 o United Sikkim: 1
Dependence on Foreign Talent
15 National Level Football League Seasons Top Goal Scorer o Foreign: 13 (87%) o Indian: 2 (13%) All Time Top Goal Scorer 1st Odafe Onyeka Okolie (Nigeria)- 95 o Most Golden Boots 2nd Ranty Martins Soleye (Nigeria)- 69 o Most Goals in a Match o Most Goals in a Season 7th Sunil Chhetri- 35
Unstable National Structure
National Football League 1996/97- 2 Stage, 12 Teams 1997/98- 10 Teams 1998/99- 2 Stage, 12 Teams 1999/2000- 2004/05 - 12 Teams 2005/06-2006/07- 10 Teams I league 2007/08: 10 Teams 2008/09: 12 Teams 2009/10- 2011/12: 14 teams 2012/13- Expected to Change No Representation in the AFC Champions League due to not
fulfilling AFC criteria set for 2012
Troubled Times
IMG-Reliance-AIFF Rs.700 crore deal
No Share/ Participation/ Discussion with Clubs
I League- AIFF Executive Committee control
No representation of stakeholders
I League- A separate entity according to AFC guidelines
A Bright Future
Proposed Bid for U17 FIFA World Cup 2017/2019 National Level League- New Format Based on the
lines of Major League Soccer (USA) Proposed two tier 16 team League Youth Development Programmes FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Liverpool,
Bayern Munich, Manchester City, etc. Growing Interest Increased Sponsorships & Corporate culture Pune FC, Mumbai FC
Conclusion
For too long has the Indian economy been ignored as a market to be invested in & monetized, the lack of talent & interest being the expressed and obvious reasons but the 21st century has brought with it the much anticipated and desperately needed change with increased and rapid rise in interest in the sport that once brought glory to this mighty economy, Investment in the sport is on the rise with the incentive to commercialize and position brands in a 1.4 billion strong economy attracting worldwide interests.
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