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TLII Seed Systems Group November 17, 2009 Developing seed systems to maximize impact for the poor in drought‐prone regions: TLII ICRISAT, CIAT, IITA + 180 partners 8.1 J. Ndjeunga WCA . Groundnuts 8.2 E. Monyo ECA- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.3 J.C. Rubyogo/L.Sperling ECA- Beans 8.4 A. Kamara Pan-Afr. Cowpea 8.5 S. Nigam India- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.6 A. Kamara Pan-Afr Soybean

21 Louise Sperling Objective8 Overview

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Page 1: 21  Louise Sperling   Objective8 Overview

TLII Seed Systems Group November 17, 2009

Developing seed systems  to maximize impact for the  poor in drought‐prone regions: TLII 

ICRISAT, CIAT, IITA  + 180 partners 8.1 J. Ndjeunga WCA . Groundnuts 8.2 E. Monyo ECA- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.3 J.C. Rubyogo/L.Sperling ECA- Beans 8.4 A. Kamara Pan-Afr. Cowpea 8.5 S. Nigam India- CP, PP, Groundnuts 8.6 A. Kamara Pan-Afr Soybean

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Tropical Legumes II (TLII)  

Enhancing grain legumes’ producJvity and producJon, and the incomes of poor farmers in drought‐prone areas of sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia” 

 15% increase in produc0on and produc0vity 

 30% of total area to be covered with improved varie0es 

 Some 57 million farmers 

Funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

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TLII SPECIFIC SEED SYSTEM THRUSTS 

1.  Give farmers’ access to drought‐tolerant varieJes 

•  Increase produc0on/ stabilize produc0on  •  Valorize efforts of PUBLIC Breeding •  Decrease Food Aid/Seed Aid ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 

2.  SJmulate development of seed + commodity  

  agro‐enterprise   

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Our Clients

  Mostly small‐scale farmers    Subsistence   ‘Incipient‐commercial’ 

In Drought Zones •  Low harvest •  High incidence of ‘disaster’ 

Poor  Farmers may lose seed, need      to restock  Low purchasing power  Need highly adapted varieJes 

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OVERVIEW OF SEED SYSTEMS (Obj 8)

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TLII SEED SYSTEMS: Country Focus‐ Phase I 

ET KE TZ Malw Nigeria Niger Mali Moz India

Beans X X

Cowpea X X X X X

G-nuts X X X X X X

P-pea X X X

Ch-pea X X X

Soy bean

X X X X X

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5  Cross‐ Crop Thrusts 

  Improve availability of foundaJon/cerJfied seed by NARS/other Public Sector and Private Sector   (iniJal supplies/ bulking) 

  Design decentralized  seed producJon modes‐‐  tailored to various clients   (decentralized producJon) 

  Design diffusion‐ markeJng‐‐ tailored to various clients  (decentralized distribuJon/markeJng) 

  Enhancing local capacity to produce delivery store and market (capacity building) 

  Enhance local‐level awareness of newly‐released varieJes      (awareness raising/demand creaJon) 

   

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SELECT KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

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TLII Models: FoundaJon seed producJon 1.  NARS (at Research Center)  

2.  NARS‐ with contract farmers 

3.  Public sector with founda0on seed farm 

4.  Individual  farmers and farmers groups 

5.  Agricultural Universi0es 

6.  IARCS producing founda0on seed directly 

7.  IARCS contrac0ng farmers 

8.  Private companies 

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 

  CerJfied seed:  7 models 

  Other qualiJes seed‐ 10 models 

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TLII: Delivery models 1.  Agro‐input dealers selling directly to clients 

2.  Private companies‐ selling direct to clients 

3.  CBSS (Community‐based seed produc0on) 

4.  NGOs give seed loans 

5.  FFS (Farmer Field Schools) 

6.  Schools 

7.  Via large farmer associa0ons/unions/coopera0ve 

8.  Farmer growers to grain exporters 

9.  Farmer growers‐ selling to traders (via local markets) 

10.  Farmer to farmer exchange 

11.  Soybean resource centers 

12.  Seed revolving fund 

13.  Seed banks 

14.  Seed revolved from payback system 

15.  Seed villages 

16.  Parastalals involved in direct delivery 

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M+E   (Agreements Sept 25, 2009) Seed producJon 

per Mode of Seed Production

• Cost of Seed Production (versus quality, yields and risks) (disease/health analysis)

• Quantity of Seed Produced

• Analysis of Qualitative Costs and Benefits (and for whom)

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  M+E (Agreements September 25, 2009) Seed DistribuJon and MarkeJng 

• Number of different varieJes distributed per target region 

• Overall quanJty of seed distributed • Amount of seed distributed per farmer • Number of farmers reached per region 

• Profile of clients (gender, wealth and other key variables of interest: casts?  ethnic group?)  

• Geographic reach (zones covered), key zones not covered • Knowledge associated with specific modes of seed transfer  • Analysis of QualitaJve Costs and Benefits  (and for whom) 

• Income to farmers/seed producers 

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RETHINKING IMPACT PATHS

.

Years

62 10

14

10

20

Conventional

Wider Impact

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Links with PRIVATE SECTOR:

   Provision of  iniJal seed for bulking up        ProducJon for commercial farmers        MarkeJng of  seed, including in small packs  (agro‐dealers) 

     Moving grain products on a large scale  (export market) 

  Catalyzing new private sector companies to enter into commercial legume seed producJon 

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Pro-poor features

  Seed produced and available in zones of acJon 

  Seed cost ‘accessible’, parJally via small packets,  or  seed loans, or in  retail markets  

  Seed quality to meet end‐user needs 

  VarieJes to enter local channels on large scale 

(ISSUE: how to link PRIVATE  SECTOR with PRO‐POOR interests) 

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SELECT RESULTS (as of Sept 2009) 

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TLII Seed Partnerships: > 180

, Select TLII Seed System Partners

                      ObjecJve 8.2: Groundnuts, chickpea, pigeonpea, ESA : ICRISAT  Malawi: Department  of Agricultural Research Services  (DARS), Na0onal Small‐                     holder Farmers Associa0on Malawi (NASFAM),  CARE Malawi, Ac0on Aid and Adven0st Development and Relief Agency (ADRA),  Plan Interna0onal,              Rab Processors, Seed Co, Monsanto,  Tanzania: Department of Research and Training (DRT), Naliendele Research Ins0tute‐ Department of Crop Development         (DCD ),  Diocese of Central Tanzania (DCT),  Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Concern Interna0onal, Mohamed Enterprises, OLAM Pvt Ltd., East  African Seed,      Zonabia Seed,  Ethiopia: Ethiopia Ins0tute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Regional Agricultural Research Centers, Ethiopian Seed Service,  Farmers’ Unions, Ethiopian Na0onal Extension Service.    

                                                  ObjecJve  8.1: Groundnuts,  WCA: ICRISAT,  Nigeria :Ins0tute of Agricultural Research ,                                   State Agricultural and Rural Development Authori0es in Kano (KNARDA) in Katsina State  (KTARDA) and                             in Jigawa State (JARDA, Bayero , University of Kano Niger: Ins0tut Na0onal de Recherche Agronomique du Niger                (INRAN)  ALHERI Seed Company, Direc0on Regionale du Developpement Agricole/Direc0on Departmentale de l’Agriculture      (DRD/DDA), Farmers’ Associa0ons/Farmers’ Organiza0on/Small‐Scale Seed Producers, Mali: Ins0tut d’Economie Rurale (IER), EUCORD, FA/FO/SCSP. AOPP Associa0on of Cer0fied Seed Producers, FA/FP/SCSP, Farmers’ and Producer Organiza0ons, FASOKABA  

                    ObjecJve  8.3: Beans, E. Africa. : CIAT.   Ethiopia:  Ethiopian Ins0tute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC), Southern Agricultural                  Research Ins0tute (SARI), Awassa Agricultural Research Center (ARC),  Areka ARC,  Debre Berhan ARC,  Lume Adama Farmers Coopera0ve Union (FCU), Hetossa FCU, Bora                Dambal FCU, Uta Wayu FCU, Walta FCU, CARE West Hararghe, Haraghe Catholic Secretariat (HCS), Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Alem Tena Catholic Church (CC), Wonji CC, Meki  C       CC, Self Help Development Interna0onal (SHDI)‐Bora, Water Ac0on, Improving  Produc0vity & Market Success (IPMS)‐Alaba,  Interna0onal Development Enterprise (IDE),  Zonal         Agriculture and Rural Development Office (ZARDO) in Shewa, Arsi, Silte  and Guraghe, MAP Coop, ACOS‐Ethiopia, ELFORA, H. WAQO seed, Haramaya University.  Kenya:  Kenya       Agricultural Research Ins0tute (KARI), KARI‐ HQ,  and Katumani, Kisii, Catholic Diocese (CD)  of Nakuru,  CD of Kisumu, CD of  Homa Bay,  CD of Muranga,  Ministry of Agriculture  (MoA) Nyanza Province, MoA Kitui, MoA Yaoa, MoA Makuyu,  MoA Samia, Leldet LTD, Drylands Seed LTD,  Lambwe Seed Growers, Farm Inputs Promo0on Services (FIPS) Africa,   Nangina Social Work Project,  Self Help Developmental Interna0onal  World Vision (WV)‐ Makuyu,  WV‐Mutonguni, Concern Universal, MAA AIDS Awareness Programme,  Excellent Development, INADES Forma0on Interna0onal, Busia Community Development Organiza0on (BUCODEV). Across both countries Pan Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) ObjecJve 8.4: Cowpea,  pan‐Africa IITA. Nigeria :  Borno State Agricultural Development Project (BOSADP), University of Maiduguri, Jirkur Seed Co‐opera0ve, Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA), Seed Project Ltd, Kano, Premier Seeds Ltd Zaria, Na0onal Agricultural Seed Council Kano, Niger:  Ins0tut Na0onal de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN),  Organisa0on Neerlandaise de Developpment (SNV)‐ Maradi,  Advisor Fruits‐légume SNV Zinder, Alheri Seed Kouni.  Mali: Ins0tut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Segou, Millenium Village Project, AOPP Associa0on of Cer0fied Seed Producers, Mozambique: Ins0tuto de Inves0gacio Agraria de Mocambique,  IIAM Empresa Comercial dos Productores Associados (IKURU) , Mozambique.  Tanzania:  Sokoine University of Agriculture,  Agricultural Research Ins0tute, Iringa,Tanzania    Official Seed Cer0fica0on Ins0tute, Msimba, Founda0on Seed Farm, Agricultural Seed Agency.        

ObjecJve 8.5: Groundnuts, chickpea, pigeonpea, India  ICRISAT. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Department of Agriculture  (DoA),   Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Government of Tamil Nadu, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bengaluru,  UAS Dharwad, UAS Raichur,  Doa/MoA,       Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Oilseeds Federa0on, Karnataka  State Seeds Corpora0on (KSSC), Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (PDKV)          Akola,  Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Durgapur (PDKV), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Karda PDKV, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Adarsh               Rythu , Andhra Pradesh State Seeds Development Corpora0on (APSSDC).  

Partnerships are a cornerstone of impact-oriented seed systems, Since its inception in September 2007, TLII ‘seed systems’ (Objective 8) has established at least 187 organizational partnerships for seed production and delivery, with many of these formalized through contract or Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs). Partners include inter alia; government research and extension systems, private sector companies, seed parastatals, farmer cooperatives, unions and associations, universities, schools, faith-based and non-governmental organizations. Largely because of these partnerships, and focus on organizations’ complementarities, the scale of seed production under TLII has been notable: as of September 2009, 2391 MT of foundation and certified seed and 1111 MT of ‘other’, good quality seed.

For more informaJon see:    www.tropicallegumes.org

 ObjecJve 8.6: Soybean,  IITA CIAT‐TSBF  pan‐Africa. Nigeria Borno State Agricultural Development Project (BOSADP), Univ.            of Maiduguri, Jirkur Seed Co‐opera0ve, Biu, Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (KADP), Seed Project                    Ltd, Kano, Premier Seeds Ltd  Zaria,   Malawi, DARS,  Kenya: Kenya Agriculture Research  Council,                              Leldet Seed Company,  Mozambique Ins0tuto de Inves0gacio Agraria de Mocambique                                               (IIAM) ,  Tanzania ,   Agricultural  Research  Ins0tute, Iringa.,                                                                Tanz. Official Seed Cer0fica0on Inst. Msimba.   

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Results: TLII 8.3 ProducJon of FoundaJon Seed Aug 2007‐ June 09  (MT):  

Program Foundation/Certified Other: ‘Good’

WCA-Gnut 65 100

ESA:CP,PP,GN 501 n/a

Beans 209 752

Cowpea 194

Soybean 290 23

India (CP.PP.GN)

1132 236

TOTAL 2391 1111

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Number of farmers reached  (November 09) 

1,286,540 

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         Founda0on Seed‐   ECA Groundnut (ICRISAT)                              (this season):   450 T 

ICRISAT 

Seed Stock 

Seed Revolving Fund  Seed Companies 

NGOs 

Agrodealers 

Farmers 

Government of Malawi 

Contract Growers 

10 

11 

13 

The Malawi Model of the Seed Revolving Fund 

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Crop Gross income

Total Variable cost

Gross Margin (Naira)

Cowpea 38038 14559 23479 ($168) Soybean 89145 53650 35294 ($252)

Gross Margin Analysis (per ha) for CBSS Seed Systems in Nigeria(Naira)  (IITA) 

$1=N140

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Marketing Small Packs

  Get new varieties to farmers (80g 250g 500g, 1 kg, 2 kg , 5 kg

  Uncover demand  Varieties  Seed

  Expand market for certified FASO KABA- Bamako , Mali

Cowpea : Nigeria , Mozambique Groundnuts; Niger Soybean : Kenya Beans: Ethiopia and Kenya

FASO KABA- Bamako

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Sold in open markets, country stores, agro-dealers

Kenya- beans Nigeria- cowpea

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Results‐ small packs seed experiments 

High volume sales  Niger - groundnut- 6,908 packs  Kenya- beans 28,000 “  Ethiopia- beans 11,750 “  Nigeria- soybeans 7,980

 Mozam cowpea 12 Tons in packs  Nigeria cowpea 15 “

Farmers purchase certified legume seed > 75,000 farmers (2 seasons)

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Market differentiation

 Beans- Kenya- 80 g, 250g

 Soybeans –Kenya- 1 kg

 Soybean- Nigeria- 2 kg

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Seed outlet enhancement (CIAT)

23% farmers currently within 1 hr. seed outlet

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Rural radios (Niger): dissemination of information on:

* prices, * varieties * location of selling points

Not covered by rural radios

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SUMMARY: SELECT RESULTS Impacts     Impressive amount of seed produced     Significant  number of farmers reached 

Innova0on results    Demand crea0on:  farmers pay for cer0fied seed 

   Cost‐effec0ve CBSS seed produc0on models 

   Promising Founda0on seed model 

   Marke0ng model‐  poor/ women/ high impact 

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FoundaJon Seed‐  produced by NARS ( reflecJons 25/9/09) 

Disadvantages   Supply can be hijacked ( oqen 

for poli0cal reasons) 

  Bureaucracy‐ not run  as ‘business 

  Oqen ‘non‐sharing of varie0es’ 

  Diverts efforts away from research func0ons (where no seed unit) 

Advantages •  Easy variety replacement 

•  Consistent supply 

•  Broad range of varie0es 

•  Poten0al to serve range of partners 

But…… continuing reflections

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IARCS producing foundaJon seed 

Disadvantages 

  Compe00on with local actors 

  Limited ability to distribute seed 

  Conflict of interest  for CGIAR mandate 

  Totally unsustainable 

Advantages 

• Income genera0on (non‐profit) 

• Good quality seed 

• Wider range of varie0es 

• Filling gap because of non‐func0onal ins0tu0ons 

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MOVING FORWARD

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Future : within crops

Any model moved forward has to be:

 Impact-oriented (reached people)

 cost-effective

 Usable for drought-prone zones

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Future : among crop synergies- TLII

Test case: marketing

 Single supplier- bagging multiple crops

  Promotion of multiple crops- through agro-dealer, open market networks

Needs‐ cross‐crop milestones 

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Future : among crop synergies‐ TLII 

Better targeting --within next year (for high impact zones)

Map? : ‘high poverty’- /‘high drought’ hot spots Map?: high population density - drought

(some commitment- across crops, for action)

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Across BMGF projects TL II    and DTMA 

..(Maps development) 

‐ (Maize/legumes interacJons? 

TLI and TLII  

(not clear seed component) 

TL II    and  N2fix 

.. Variety choice? 

‐ Should n2fix  be building on some of the TLII seed system s? 

‐ Sites ‐ Partners ‐ Lessons

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with WASA/ESASA

 Seed Supply Exchange

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MOVING FORWARD: TLII‐AGRA links 

Specific Actions: Legume seed

1. Incentives for private seed companies– to pack smaller

2. Link with agro-dealer networks-

3. Expand agro-dealer networks- (trader agents-- remote areas)?

4. M+ E-- together- WHO is being reached? At what COST?

AGRA TLII

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For more informaJon 

 www.tropicallegumes.org

 Updates seed systems (syntheses Nov 2009)

 Seed Manuals (production, business, value chain (19 languages, including 10 African languages)

 Videos!

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