Section 3-3

Heather Sullivan- FRHSDHeather Sullivan- FRHSD

Differentiate between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Describe the role of the nucleus in the cell

Identify 3 structures in plant cells that are absent in animal cells

Analyze the role of internal membranes in protein production

Summarize the importance of Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other

internal compartments.

Characteristics of Prokaryotes Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell wall

and they have cell organelles and DNA moving freely within the cytoplasm.

Bacteria are the only prokaryotic cells left on the planet

Eukaryote Cells Eukaryote cells have a nucleus and other

organelles.

The Cytoskeleton Eukaryote cells have a cytoskeleton of

microscopic protein fibers that provide the structural framework for the cell and its organelles. There are three different kinds of cytoskeleton fibers: actin fibers, microtubules, and intermediate fibers.

The Cell Membrane as a Barrier The lipid bilayer of a cell membrane is made

up of a double layer of phospholipid molecules. The selective permeability of the cell membrane is mainly due to the way phospholipids interact in water.

Membrane Proteins Proteins in cell membranes include enzymes,

receptor proteins, transport proteins, and cell-surface markers.

Cell OrganellesThe Nucleus

Function The

nucleus of a eukaryotic cell directs the cell's activities and stores DNA.

Production of Proteins In eukaroytic cells, proteins are manufactured

at ribosomes found within the cytoplasm and found on an internal membrane system called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Packaging and Distribution of Proteins I n eukaroytic cells, vesicles carry proteins from

the rough ER to an internal membrane system, called the Golgi apparatus, to be processed. Modified proteins are either released from vesicles outside the cell or remain in the cell.

Some protein containing vesicles remain in the cell and become lysosomes. Lysosomes digest and recycle a cell's used components.

Function Mitochondria harvest energy from

organic compounds to ATP.

Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondria have their own DNA and

this allows them to make some of their own proteins.

Unique Features of Plant Cells Plant cells have three structures that

animal cells lack: ▪ a cell wall▪ Chloroplasts▪ a central vacuole.

For extra credit Find out some information about the

young boy whose story is told in the movie Lorenzo’s Oil. Then answer the above question with the information you found