Android - Day 1

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Android Computing Platform

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Complete, end-to-end software platform


Android Introduction

• A Software platform and Linux Kernel based operating system for mobile. •Android is Open Source means it is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. • Android was developed in 2003.


History of Android


Android Releases

Available fromNovember 3rd 2014


Android Architecture


Linux kernel§ This is the core layer of android architecture which provides services like power management, memory management, security and binder for process communication.



Native Libraries These libraries are written in C/C++ like web libraries to access web browser,

libraries for android video formats. Application framework access these libraries



Application Framework The set of API's that allow developers to quickly and easily write android app and they are written in a Java programming language.



Android Runtime

Takes very less time to launch an app,More device Storage.Note : Introduced in Kitkat version

Takes time to launch an app,Less device storageNote : Declared dead in Lollipop version




Just 25$ for Registration.

https://play.google.com/apps/publish/signup/

upload free/paid apps.

Android App Market




Android Target


Setting Up your Android Development Environment

Check System Requirements on below link:-

https://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html#Requirements

1. To develop applications for Android platform, you need

Java SE Development Kit (JDK), Android SDK Integrated IDE (Android Studio) 2. Download the Android Studio

http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html



http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html


Understanding Project Structure


Building Block,User Interface and Controls


Android Components

Activity Single screen in your application

Content Provider Can expose your data and have your applications use data from other

applications.


Service Local services Remote services.

Broadcast Receiver Allows to register for system or application events

Android Components


AndroidManifest.xml(Metadata of Android Application)

It lists your application’s activities and services, along with the permissions and features the application needs to run.

Syntax : <manifest> <Elements for Application properties should come here> <application><Elements for application components should come here></application> </manifest>

AndroidManifest


Android Virtual Devices

AVD allows developers to test their applications

AVD


import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;public class HelloWorld extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); }

}

HelloWorld


Android the Application Life Cycle


Android Resources

Compiled and Uncompiled Android Resources• XML files • Raw files


String Resources

• Define strings in one or more XML resource files.

• These XML files containing string-resource definitions reside in the /res/values subdirectory.

strings.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources><string name="hello">hello</string><string name="app_name">hello appname</string></resources>

Android Resources


Layout Resources• A key resource used in

Android UI programming.

public class HelloWorldActivity extends Activity{@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.main);

}...}

Android Resources


Example main.xml Layout File<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:orientation="vertical"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"></LinearLayout>

Android Resources


Color Resources

<resources> <color name="red">#f00</color> <color name="blue">#0000ff</color> <color name="green">#f0f0</color> <color name="main_back_ground_color">#ffffff00</color> </resources>

Android Resources


Color Resources in Java code int mainBackGroundColor = activity.getResources.getColor(R.color.main_back_ground_color);

Using Colors in View Definitions<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:textColor="@color/red"android:text="Sample Text to Show Red Color"/>

Android Resources


Dimension ResourcesYou can specify the dimensions in any of the following units:

px: Pixelsin: Inchesmm: Millimeterspt: Pointsdp: Density-independent pixels based on pixel density per inchsp: Scale-independent pixels (dimensions that allow for user sizing;helpful for use in fonts)

Android Resources


XML Syntax for Defining Dimension Resources<resources><dimen name="mysize_in_pixels">1px</dimen><dimen name="mysize_in_dp">5dp</dimen><dimen name="medium_size">100sp</dimen></resources>

Using Dimension Resources in XML<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:textSize="@dimen/medium_size"/>

Android Resources


Image Resources

Using Image Resources in XML<Buttonandroid:id="@+id/button1"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Dial"android:background="@drawable/sample_image"/>

Android Resources


Android Resources

package com.mycompany.android.my-root-package;public final class R {...other entries depending on your project and applicationpublic static final class string{...other entries depending on your project and application

public static final int hello=0x7f040000;public static final int app_name=0x7f040001;

...other entries depending on your project and application}...other entries depending on your project and application}

• R.java with unique IDs for the two string resources specified.

R.java


Resource Reference SyntaxAndroid resources are identified (or referenced) by their IDs in Java source code.

<TextView android:id="@+id/text">//Success: Creates an id called "text" in the local package's R.java

In the syntax "@+id/text", the + sign has a special meaning. It tells Android that the ID text may not already exist

Android Resources


Android View and ViewGroup


Buttons


Basic Button<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:text="@string/basicBtnLabel" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> ……………………

ImageButton<ImageButton android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="myClickHandler" android:src="@drawable/icon" /> ……………..ImageButton imageButton2 = (ImageButton)this.findViewById(R.id.imageButton2); imageButton2.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon);

Buttons


ToggleButton

<ToggleButton android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Toggle Button" android:textOn="Stop" android:textOff="Run"/>

Button button1 = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button1); button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse("http://www.androidbook.com")); startActivity(intent); }

});

Buttons


CheckBox

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<CheckBox android:id="@+id/chickenCB" android:text="Chicken" android:checked="true" android:layout_width=“wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <CheckBox android:id="@+id/fishCB" android:text="Fish" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <CheckBox android:id="@+id/steakCB" android:text="Steak" android:checked="true" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

CheckBox


RadioButtonRadioButton


<RadioGroup android:id="@+id/rBtnGrp" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" >

<RadioButton android:id="@+id/chRBtn" android:text="Chicken" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

………………………..</RadioGroup>

</LinearLayout>


RadioButton

ImageView

<ImageView android:id="@+id/img" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content“android:src="@drawable/abc" />


DatePicker

<DatePicker android:id="@+id/datePicker" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />………………………..DatePicker dp = (DatePicker)this.findViewById(R.id.datePicker);dateDefault.setText("Date defaulted to " + (dp.getMonth() + 1) + "/" + dp.getDayOfMonth() + "/" + dp.getYear()); dp.init(2008, 11, 10, null);

TimePicker

<TimePicker android:id="@+id/timePicker" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> ………………………..TimePicker tp = (TimePicker)this.findViewById(R.id.timePicker);tp.setIs24HourView(true); tp.setCurrentHour(new Integer(10)); tp.setCurrentMinute(new Integer(10));

Pickers


DigitalClock

<DigitalClock android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

AnalogClock

<AnalogClock android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

Pickers


ListView

<ListView android:id="@+id/list" android:layout_width=" wrap_content " android:layout_height=" wrap_content " android:entries=“@array/mylist” />

List


Layout Manager

Layout Manager Description

LinearLayout Organizes its children either horizontally or vertically

TableLayout Organizes its children in tabular form

RelativeLayout Organizes its children relative to one another or to the parent

FrameLayout Allows you to dynamically changethe control(s) in the layout


Layout Manager

LinearLayout


<!—add components-->

</LinearLayout>


Layout ManagerRelativeLayout<RelativeLayout …………… >

<TextView android:id="@+id/userNameLbl" android:text="Username: “ android:layout_alignParentTop="true" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/userNameText" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/userNameLbl" /><TextView android:id="@+id/pwdLbl" android:layout_below="@id/userNameText" android:text="Password: " /> <EditText android:id="@+id/pwdText" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/pwdLbl" android:layout_below="@id/userNameText" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/pwdCriteria" android:layout_below="@id/pwdText" android:text="Password Criteria... " />

</RelativeLayout>


TableLayout<TableLayout ……… >

<TableRow> <TextView android:text="First Name:“ android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <EditText android:text="Edgar“ android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</TableRow> <TableRow>

<TextView android:text="Last Name:" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <EditText android:text="Poe" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</TableRow> </TableLayout>

Layout Manager


Layout ManagerFrameLayout<FrameLayout android:id="@+id/frmLayout" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<ImageView android:id="@+id/oneImgView" android:src="@drawable/one" android:scaleType="fitCenter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"/> <ImageView android:id="@+id/twoImgView" android:src="@drawable/two" android:scaleType="fitCenter" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:visibility="gone" />

</FrameLayout>


Styles

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <style name=“SpelError"> <item name="android:layout_width">fill_parent</item> <item name="android:layout_height">wrap_content</item> <item name="android:textColor">#FF0000</item> <item name="android:typeface">monospace</item> </style> </resources>………………..<TextView android:id="@+id/errorText" style="@style/ SpelError" android:text=“Styling” />

Styles


Themes

If you have some style elements you want applied across an entire activity, or across the whole application, you should use a theme instead. A theme is it’s exactly like a style. To specify a theme for an activity or an application, we would add an attribute to the <activity>or <application>tag in the AndroidManifest.xml.

<activity android:theme="@style/MyActivityTheme">

<application android:theme="@style/MyApplicationTheme">

Themes


Understanding Intents


Intent A mechanism to communicate from one component to another.It defines intention of an application and also used to transfer data.

An Intent mainly can be used :- To start an activity or service. To transfer data etc.


Intent

Types of Intents:- Implicit


Intents

Explicit


Built-in Intent Actions

Intent


Data Passing

An intent can include an additional attribute called extras which can be used to pass data.This extra information is represented by an Android class called android.os.Bundle.

// Place a bundle in an intentBundle anotherBundle = new Bundle();

//populate the bundle with key/value pairs//and then set the bundle on the Intentintent.putExtras(anotherBundle);

//Get the Bundle from an IntentBundle extraBundle = intent.getExtras();


Data Passing

You can use a number of methods to add fundamental types to the bundle.

putExtra(String name, boolean value);putExtra(String name, int value);putExtra(String name, double value);putExtra(String name, String value);

Technology

Android - Day 1