English language - Articles-

Mentor: Irena Matic-Todorovic

Students: Darko Stevanovic Nenad Djordjevic Dusan Sekulovic

Aleksinac

Let’s start

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Articles

• They actually look like one really simple thing, but they are more complicated then you thought.

• First thing you will learn is that in English language exist definite (the) and indefinite article (a/an) and that is a good news, because there is only three of them, but the bad news is that their use is complex. There is many rules, but also many exceptions. But do not be afraid, nothing is too difficult to learn.

• Those are only :

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The indefinite article A/An

• We will use AN before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, u, i, o), or before words beginning with a mute H.

• For example:• an orange an island an hour

• We will use A before a word beginning with a consonant, or a vowel which has consonant sound.

• For example:• a man a mobile a university

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Use of a/an

• Before a singular noun which is countable, or when something is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person, or thing, and before names of professions.

• For example:• He is a doctor. I saw AN elephant.

• Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of a whole class.• For example:• A giraffe has a long neck.

• But we will also use it before certain expression of quantity:• A couple of A dozen A lot of etc.

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Omission of A/AN

• Never put these articles before plural noun, or before uncountable noun, or before names of meals. Except if that meal is described by an adjective.

• For example:• A dog. / dogs• A liter of milk. / milk• We had lunch. We had A good lunch.

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A little/little; A few/few

• These words will show us how big difference could be if we put an article.

• A little/little is used before uncountable nouns.• A few/few is used before plural nouns. • A little and a few mean small amount, or what speaker considers small amount.• Little and few mean that that amount is so small that it almost does not exist.• These are used mainly for written English, because in conversation it could be easily

mistaken. • Comparative of few would be FEWER, and it means less.• For example: We had fewer guests then last year.

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Definite article THE

We always putTHE

before:

SuperlativesThe best

Ordinal numbers The first

OnlyThe only…

• We use THE in the same form for plural and singular noun.

• We will use it when we mention something that is unique.

• THE SUN

• When we mention something for the second time, as a result of already being mentioned that object will become definite.

HIS CAR STRUCK A TREE;YOU CAN STILL SEE THE MARK ON THE TREE.

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We also use THE in this way

The +

Proper names of seas, rivers, plural names of countries,regions…

THE ATLANTIC

Noun + OF + noun

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Names of choirs, orchestras, pop groups…

THE BEATLES

Titles

The captain

Singular noun to represent the whole class of objects and animals

The lion is dangeorus

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Omission of the

• We do not put THE before:• Names of people • Stefan Elena Damon

• Abstract nouns,except if they are used in particular sense • knowledge experience

• After a noun in possessive case• My father’s shirt.

• Names of games • Golf Football

• Before nature, where it means as spirit of the Earth• If you hurt nature, you will be the one who will suffer.

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Let’s practise:This exercise will help you to test your knowledge, so let’s do it together. Your job will be to put an article, but only if it’s necessary.

• …shaggy dog story is … long joke that takes … form of … story. It always has … rather silly ending. Here is … typical shaggy dog story:

• Once upon … time, … tortoise family decided to go on … picnic. Mr Tortoise bought … lot of food, and … Mrs Tortoise made … lot of sandwiches. After three months their … food was ready and they set off.

• After three years of walking they reached their picnic place. They unpacked their picnic baskets, laid … cloth on … grass and put … food on … cloth. But then, … Mr Tortoise remembered that they forgot … tin-opener. So he told his daughter Sara to go and to bring … tin-opener. She accepted to go, but she told them not to start … picnic without her, and they promised that they won’t. So Sara set off through … trees. Her parents waited days, months, years and they were extremely hungry, and when they decided to eat, and took one of … sandwiches Sara popped her head round … tree and said “I knew that you would begin … picnic, it’s … good thing I didn’t go home for … tin-opener.”

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the answers

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• I hope that you had fun and that you found this presentation useful. And I think that after this short review of articles, you will not have problems with them anymore. Greetings from Aleksinac! :D

“That’s all folks!”

The end