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Dr Michael Quah Cheng-GuanChief Scientist – Energy Technology and Systems, Principal Fellow – Energy Studies InstituteDr. Quah has a PhD (1980), MPhil and MSc, in chemical engineering from Yale University and a BA (magna cum laude) in chemistry and physics, from Harvard. He worked for the DuPont Company from 1979 to 1999, including stints with DuPont Japan and Singapore (1990-1993). At DuPont, Dr Quah held positions in R&D, product and business development, and management. His technical work revolved around membrane technologies for reverse osmosis, gas separations, and electrochemical processes, the last area stimulating his interest in alternative energy innovations. When Dr. Quah worked for DuPont in North Carolina (1993-1999), he also served as Adjunct Professor in Chemical Engineering, at North Carolina State University. After early retirement from DuPont, he held management positions in several small commercial companies and in non-profit organizations, including a stint with the US Army.Dr. Quah has lectured extensively in the following areas: Nafion* and perfluorinated ionomers for use in electrochemical systems (electrolysis, redox flow cells, and fuel cells), membrane separations, micro-grids, and energy / environmental sustainability.
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What’s Inspiring Here?
from Quah, ESI Roadmap Presentation,
Nov. 4th, 2009
Climate Change and Some Business Opportunities (?)
Prof. Michael QUAH Cheng-Guan Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Principal Fellow & Chief Scientist, Energy Studies InstituteExecutive Advisor, NUS Enterprise
The INSPIRE Panel: “The Clean Tech Opportunity”Asian Youth Energy Summit 2010
Shaw Foundation Alumni House, NUSOctober 15th, 2010
Discussion
• What’s All the Fuss About?
• Simple Definitions
• Some Suggestions for ACTION
(Possible Business Opportunities)
“Climate change and energy are two key issues that will play a significant role in shaping the future security environment. Although they produce distinct types of challenges, climate change, energy security, and economic stability are inextricably linked. “
Excerpts from the U.S. DoD 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review
February 1, 2010
The Energy/Environment Situation Today
from Quah, “Possible Military Applications for Bio-based Energy Sources: Some Perspectives”, US – Canada BioEnergy Forum, Detroit, Michigan, Mar. 27th, 2007
The Challenges of Climate Change
from Quah, ESI Roadmap Presentation,
Nov. 4th, 2009
Possible Challenges Ahead
• More Extreme Weather Events (Droughts, Flooding, Increased Cyclonic and Typhoon Activities, …
• Sea-level Rise and Threats to Coastal Regions (because of Retreating Glaciers, Melting Ice Caps, More Icebergs Calving, …)
• Habitat Shifts of Flora and Fauna• Economic Migrations & Refugee Pressures• Spread of Life-threatening Diseases
Discussion
• What’s All the Fuss About?
• Simple Definitions
• Some Suggestions for ACTION
(Possible Business Opportunities)
Reference Scenario (IEA projections):
ASEAN primary energy demand expands by 76% between 2007 and 2030, an average annual rate of growth of 2.5% – much faster than the average rate in the rest of the world.
ASEAN: one of the world’s most dynamic and diverse regions, with an economy as large as Canada and Mexico combined and a population that exceeds that of the European Union.
ASEAN Economic Development
from World Energy Outlook 2009 (IEA)
• Mitigation
• Adaptation
Meeting the Climate Change Challenge …
Some Considerations
Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation
Mitigation: any action taken to permanently eliminate or reduce the long-term risk and hazards of climate change to human life, property. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines mitigation as: “An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.”
Some Considerations
Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation
Adaptation: the ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. The IPCC defines adaptation as the, “adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment. Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. “
Mitigation
• Promote E2 (Energy Efficiency) and Conservation• Reduce/stop Subsidies on Fossil Fuels• Transition (appropriately) to Renewable Energy
Systems & Technologies (Geothermal, Hydro, Solar [PV and Thermal], Wind, Waste, etc.)
• Balance Personal Aspirations for Private Vehicles Against the Value (Energy Efficiency) of Public Transportation
• Transition (appropriately) to Bio-fuels, including Algae
• “Return” to Local Architectural Designs (Passive Approaches to Heating/Cooling)
2008 Electrification Rate (%) Population without
electricity
(millions)Total Urban Rural
Brunei 99.7 100.0 98.6 0.0
Cambodia 24.0 66.0 12.5 11.2
Indonesia 64.5 94.0 32.0 81.1
Laos 55.0 84.0 42.0 2.7
Malaysia 99.4 100.0 98.0 0.2
Myanmar 13.0 19.0 10.0 42.8
Philippines 86.0 97.0 65.0 12.5
Singapore 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0
Thailand 99.3 100.0 99.0 0.4
Vietnam 89.0 99.6 85.0 9.5
ASEAN Region 71.9 91.3 54.9 160.3
Average electrification rate in developing countries = 72%
Slide from Anthony L D’Agostino, LKY SchoolSource: IEA World Energy Outlook Electricity Access Database
Adaptation(a Lot Harder)
• MORE than just technology: politics (international, regional, national, local), economics, technology, and PEOPLE (human behaviour)
• Risk Assessments, Emergency Response, Disaster Relief, etc.
• Preservation of Eco-systems: Forests, Jungles, Natural Habitats, Mangroves, Barrier Islands, etc.
• Pro-active Adaptation:• Building dykes and barriers for low-lying areas?• Preparing for crop translocations?• Relocating vulnerable populations?• Preparing emergency management plans?
Discussion
• What’s All the Fuss About?
• Simple Definitions
• Some Suggestions for ACTION
(Possible Business Opportunities)
Back to the Future
“Far Future” Scenarios
from Quah, ESI Roadmap Presentation, Nov. 4th, 2009
Alternative Energy Sources
Mostly Solar-derived, except for Geothermal and Nuclear.
Electricity
(for the cities and rural regions)
Balance Centralized Power Plants & Distributed Generation
Centralized Power Plants
DG 1
DG 4
DG 5
DG 6
DG 3
DG 2
DG 7
DG 8 Also serves rural electrification needs
from Quah, Keynote Lecture @ the Tufts Energy
Conference, Medford, Massachusetts, April 17, 2010
Relationship between HDI and energy demand
(Slide from Anthony D’Agostino, LKY School)
UNDP’s Human Development Index
• Life expectancy at birth• Adult literacy rate and school enrollment ratios• GDP per capita (PPP US$)
from Ho and Quah, “SINERGY Centre (From Alternative Energy Technologies to Advanced Energy Solutions)”, Presentation to EPG, Singapore, October 2006
Simple Systems
MEWEPS: System ComponentsMilitary Encampment Waste-to-Energy Power System
Slide from David McLean, ESI-MINDEF Workshop on “Energy Security: Options, Implications & Outlook” , October 4th, 2010
from Ho and Quah, “SINERGY Centre (From Alternative Energy Technologies to Advanced Energy Solutions)”, Presentation to EPG, Singapore, October 2006
The Age of Renewables
(plus Geothermal)
• Diffuse• Distributed• Low
Energy Density
Primarily Fossil – based
High Energy Density
Today
E2, Hydro, Geothermal, Waste, Solar (not just PV), Wind, Wave, Tidal, OTEC, Nuclear, Bio-mass
• Security Through Diversity• The Challenges of SOSI• E2 and Conservation
Price of Fossil Energy (PLUS The Cost of Carbon PLUS ???) -- NOT Time
The Future of New Technology Insertions
from Quah, “Crafting a Technology Roadmap Towards Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability in Singapore: Beginning the Journey, “ ISEAS, Singapore, Dec. 7th, 2009
Conclusion: Mitigation
1. Conservation & Energy Efficiency2. Balance:
i. Feed our “Electron Diet” Differentlyii. Focus on Bio-fuels for our “Liquid Diet”
3. Understand the nuances (go beyond the sound-bites and hype) and also explore water areas for bio-fuel sources
4. Minimize transportation challenges Bio-fuels should be localized (hinterland) solutions (in the long run)
Conclusion: Adaptation
ONE Example: Comprehensive Emergency Management for Climate Change Scenarios
1. Disaster Mitigation by Identifying Potential Hazards, e.g.,
i. Increased Typhoon Activityii. Floodingiii. Water-borne and Food-borne Diseases
2. Preparedness: Emergency Plans, Training, Community Education & Outreach
3. Response: Active Crisis Management4. Recovery: Restoration of Infrastructure, Services, etc.
ESI Web-sites
www.energy-vibes.com
www.esi.nus.edu.sg
Prof. Michael QUAH Cheng-Guan E-mail: [email protected]
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