BIONIC EYE GIVE HOPE TO BLIND PEOPLS

1Academic year 2016/2017

Republic of TunisiaUniversity of Sousse

Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology

BIO MEMS technology and application :Bionic eye

Elaborated by : El –AGUECH Mohamed AminTALBI Malek

Supervised by: Dr. GUEDRI Lamia

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Introduction

Conclusion

Human eye diseases

Artificial retinal prosthesis

Experiences and Results

Advantages and limits

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Develop technology to be effective forvisual disabilities: BIONIC-EYE

Blindness:40million

Lowvision:128million

Normal vision

Common goal

[1]

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Motivation :

Huge revolution in the field of medicine: Hope for the blind

Replaces functionality for a part or the whole eye

Chips specifically designed to imitate retina characteristics

What Is a Bionic Eye?

The first prototype : Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex

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Introduction

Conclusion

Human eye diseases




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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP):

Progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in

the retina.

Hereditary Genetic Disease

Peripheral Rods degenerate

Gradually progresses towards center of eye

Tunnel vision results

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP):

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Age related macular degeneration(AMD):

Genetically Related

Cones in the macula region degenerate

Loss of central vision

Peripheral Retina spared

Common among old people

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Age related macular degeneration(AMD):

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Introduction

Human eye diseases


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Experimental visual device restore functional vision

rectifies RP and AMD to an extent

Two of retinal prosthesis :

Epiretinal implantaion :ARGUS II deviceSubritinal implantaion : Alpha IMS device

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ARGUS II : [2]

The first approved device in clinical trials : USA and Europe.

Components : 3 external components and 3 internal components.

Micro -Camera

Visual Processing Unit: VPU

Wireless transmitter

Electronics case Wriless antenna

Multi-electrode array (60electrodes)

With this system working with a camera, the patient has to turn the whole head and not just the eyes to look around.

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Who is eligible ?

Age 25 or older

Bare light or no light perception in both eyes

Being able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation .

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Alpha IMS device : [3]

Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong.

It does not depend on an external camera but a totally implantable structure

CMOS chip(1500 electrodes )

Foil substrate Power supply cable

Return electrode

Ceramic housing

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Eligibility ? Same Criteria as the Argus II device.

Number of micro electrodes:1500

16 electrodes+200electrodes +1000 electrodes

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Introduction

Human eye diseases



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•9 females•21 males

Number of patients

•58•+- 10

Main age

• 35,2

• +-11,5

Years since diagnosis the

problems

Argus II statistics :

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Tests :Orientation and Mobility:Finding the door

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

after 3manths

after 6manths

success faile Colonne1Room with walls of uniform color FailurSuccess

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After 5 years:

60% of patients (18/30) had experienced no device- or surgery-related SAEs*

Only 1 patient had a SAE after the 3rd year of implantation

1 case of retinal detachment was noticed after 4,5 years

One patient died at 6 years after implantation of natural causes unrelated to the Argus II.

*SAE : Serious Adverse Event

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• 13 females

• 16 males

Number of patients

• 58

• +- 8,2Main age

• 35,2

• +-11,5

Years since diagnosis the

problems

Alpha IMS statistic :

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Test :

Ability to see objects and shapesReading letters and words

ability to read newspaperheadlines.

patients could see light, doors,and windows

could detect whether a light wason or off

patients did not respond toimplantation

Test’s results :

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Introduction

Conclusion

Human eye diseases




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LimitsAdvantages

The technology may enablepeople to recognize facesand facial expressions.

Water-proof and corrosion- proof : The chip is enclosed in a titanium casing

Expected Durability : 10 years

The unfortunate people who were born blind do not have the neurological capability to process the data received via the wire.

The optic nerve must be atleast partly functional or elsethe data will not be fullyprocessed.

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Introduction

Conclusion

Human eye diseases




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The results provide proof of principle that a subretinal (IMS) and epritinal (Argus) implant can restore reliably measurable visual function.

Now Bionic devices are developing to do more thanreplacing defective parts.

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Providing power to run bionic implants andmaking connections to the brain's control systempose the two great challenges for biomedicalengineering.

We are now looking at devices like bionic arms,tongues, noses etc.

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Thank you for your attention !

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[1] Brig A Banarji , Col VS Gurunadh, Col S Patyal , Col TS Ahluwalia, Maj Gen DP Vats, SM, VSM, Col M Bhadauria : Visual Prosthesis : Artificial Vision

[2]Tai-Chi Lin, Hua-Ming Chang , Chih-Chien Hsu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yan-TingChen , Szu-Yu Chen , Shih-Jen Chen : Retinal prostheses in degenerative retinaldiseases , Journal of the Chinese Medical Association (2015)

[3]Katarina Stingl , Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt , Dorothea Besch , Caroline K. Chee , Charles L. Cottriall , Florian Gekeler a , Markus Groppe , Timothy L. Jackson , Robert E. MacLaren , Assen Koitschev , Akos Kusnyerik , James Neffendorf , Janos Nemeth , Mohamed Adheem Naser Naeem , Tobias Peters h , James D. Ramsden l , Helmut Sachs , Andrew Simpson , MandeepS. Singh , Barbara Wilhelm , David Wong , Eberhart Zrenner(2015) . Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS. Vision Research