Chapter 3 Birth Of Civilisations

BIRTH OF BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIONS CIVILIZATIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. What are ‘civilisations’, ‘kingdoms’ and ‘empires’?

2. What were the factors that led to the rise of civilisations?

3. What are the features of a civilisation?

WORD SPLASHWORD SPLASH

WORD SPLASHWORD SPLASHWORD SPLASHWORD SPLASH

















PAIR WORKPAIR WORK

Compare the 2 pictures, what are the differences between these 2 pictures?

WHAT IS WHAT IS CIVILISATION?CIVILISATION? From the Latin word civilis:

– Has to do with people who live in cities

Refers to an advanced state of Refers to an advanced state of human development where cities human development where cities exist.exist.

Features of Civilisations

Government

WritingScience & the arts

More complex beliefs

Variety of occupation

s

Close to water supply1

2Close

to food

supply

Close to fertile soil3

FACTORS THAT HELPED FACTORS THAT HELPED CIVILISATIONS GROWCIVILISATIONS GROW

BEGINNINGS OF BEGINNINGS OF CIVILISATIONCIVILISATION

Hunter gatherers

Learnt how to grow crops and rear animals and began to settle and live in

small groups.Small groups come together and

develop a way of life, they share the same culture.

Culture develops over a long time and becomes advanced, it becomes a

civilisation.

Cradle of CivilisationCradle of CivilisationCradle of CivilisationCradle of Civilisation

The cradle of a civilisation refers to the place where a civilisation first began.

What do you think were the conditions that led to the rise of civilisations?

Ordinary people and lands

Chiefs

KingsWhat Is a Kingdom?What Is a Kingdom?

EmperorWhat Is an Empire?What Is an Empire?

Ordinary people and lands

Kings

Chiefs

Began around 3000 BCE Waves of migration and settlement in the Indus plains due to the fertile soil in the area.

Built cities e.g. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro A map showing the extent of the

Indus Valley Civilisation

ORIGINS OF THE INDUS ORIGINS OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATIONVALLEY CIVILISATION

What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?

What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?

Architectural evidence — well-planned streets, a drainage system, public buildings and a citadel

The ruins of a street in Mohenjo-daro

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Drainage outlet

Activity: P.24 WB

Farmers, craftsmen and traders

King-priests who conducted religious

ceremonies

VARIETY OF VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS

Activity: P.24 WB

Indus seals–probably used by traders for identifying goods

Not deciphered yet A seal depicting a bull

WRITINGWRITING

Activity: P.24 WB

Probable causes :

Severe floods killed many and forced others to leave

Invasion by another people — the Aryans

DECLINEDECLINE

Nomads, came from the western part of Asia

Entered India in small groups, fought with the original settlers, but settled down.

Gradually moved eastwards into Ganges valley

Cultures of Aryans began to mix with the Indus people and original settlers.

Movement of Aryans into Ganges Valley

THE ARYANSTHE ARYANS

Chinese civilisation has its roots in the valley of the Yellow river.

It was thought that the Shang Dynasty was the only advanced culture of the time.

However, archaeological digs have revealed other civilisations in the Yangtze River area.

The Shang dynasty

A map showing the extent of the Shang dynasty

CIVILISATION IN CHINACIVILISATION IN CHINA

Longshan (2200 BCE) People reared

animals and farmed Lived in walled communities Made pottery from potters’

wheels

Yangshao (3000 BCE) People hunted, reared animals and farmed

ORIGINSORIGINSYangshao and Longshan were a group of villages that existed along the Yellow River. The Shang Civilisation arose out of the Longshan culture.

What were the features of the

Shang Civilisation?

What were the features of the

Shang Civilisation?

Ruled by kings from same family line

Picture of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) of the Shang dynasty

Lived in capital city,ruled surrounding villages and smaller cities

Temples, palaces storehouses in capital city


Activity: P.24 WB

Pictograms

Found on oracle bones

Over 3 000 characters

The basis of modern Chinese script

WRITINGWRITING

Activity: P.24 WB

Merchants

Craftsmen

Priests

Farmers


Activity: P.24 WB

COMPLEX BELIEFSCOMPLEX BELIEFS

Belief in a higher God:Belief in a higher God:– Belief in Shang Di who was the personal god of the Belief in Shang Di who was the personal god of the

Shang Kings.Shang Kings.– Religious sacrifices were made including human Religious sacrifices were made including human

sacrifices.sacrifices. Ancestor worship:Ancestor worship:

– Shang believed that their ancestors dwelt in Heaven.Shang believed that their ancestors dwelt in Heaven.– Made sacrificial offerings to their ancestors to keep Made sacrificial offerings to their ancestors to keep

them happy. Failure to do so would lead to disaster on them happy. Failure to do so would lead to disaster on their family.their family.

Elaborate burials:Elaborate burials:– Shang Kings buried in large tombs.Shang Kings buried in large tombs.– Tombs contained the bones of salves along with many Tombs contained the bones of salves along with many

other valuable items and animal sacrifices.other valuable items and animal sacrifices.– Tomb of Tomb of Lady Lady HaoHao: Consort of King Wu Ding.: Consort of King Wu Ding.

Last Shang king assassinated c. 1150BCE.

The Shang Dynasty was succeeded by the Western Zhou.

Internal conflict led to the formation of the Eastern Zhou and eventually to the Period of the Warring States.

END OF THE SHANG END OF THE SHANG DYNASTYDYNASTY

END OF THE SHANG END OF THE SHANG DYNASTYDYNASTY

The Warring The Warring States were States were eventually united eventually united by a prince and by a prince and formed the Qin formed the Qin Dynasty.Dynasty.

Laid the Laid the foundation for the foundation for the successive successive dynasties.dynasties.

Western Western ZhouZhou

1523–1027 1523–1027 BCEBCE

Eastern Eastern ZhouZhou

1027–221 BCE1027–221 BCE

QinQin 221–206 BCE221–206 BCE

HanHan 202 BCE–220 202 BCE–220 CECE

SuiSui 581–617 CE581–617 CE

TangTang 618–907 CE618–907 CE

SongSong 960–1279 CE960–1279 CE

YuanYuan 1279–1368 CE1279–1368 CE

MingMing 1368–1644 CE1368–1644 CE

QinQin 1644–1912 CE1644–1912 CE

Growth

Features

A map of Southeast Asia

CIVILISATIONS IN SEACIVILISATIONS IN SEA

Made up of thousands of islands separated by seas

Much of it is now made up by present-day Indonesia and Philippines

An illustration of an Illanun pirate boat. Piracy was common in island Southeast Asia.

MARITIME SOUTH EAST ASIAMARITIME SOUTH EAST ASIA

Consists of present-day Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar

Rivers that flow through these areas include the Irrawady River and the Mekong River

MAINLAND SOUTHEAST MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIAASIA

Began around 6000 BCE in villages near rivers and seas

People were hunters and fishermen

By 200 BCE, Indian and Chinese traders came to Southeast Asia and the villages served as resting points. Some grew into port cities, e.g. Oc-eo

Rice and trade led to the rise of civilisations

BIRTH OF BIRTH OF CIVILISATIONSCIVILISATIONS

First major port city

Capital of Funan

Grew because of trade and its strategic location

Became less important with the rise of

Palembang

The extent of Funan

OC-EO – 1OC-EO – 1stst to 6 to 6thth Century CECentury CE

Located in present-day Sumatra

Capital of Srivijaya

Grew because of trade and its strategic location

Declined in importance after 13th century CE, when traders went directly to East Java to trade

The extent of Srivijaya

PALEMBANGPALEMBANG(7TH–13TH CENTURY CE)(7TH–13TH CENTURY CE)

What were the features What were the features of Southeast Asian of Southeast Asian

civilisations?civilisations?

What were the features What were the features of Southeast Asian of Southeast Asian

civilisations?civilisations?

Ruled by kings

Assisted by officials

A Malay sultan (king)


Activity: P.24 WB

Traders

Farmers

Priests

Craftsmen

Officials

A 15th century tin coin used by traders in Melaka


Activity: P.24 WB

Adopted Sanskrit from traders

Sanskrit poems from India. Southeast Asian rulers and officials adopted this script for records.

Developed own scripts, e.g. Jawi

The Jawi alphabet

WRITINGWRITING

Various cultures and religions

Kampong Kling mosque, Melaka

Buddhist temple in Pagan, Myanmar

Angkor Wat in Angkor, Cambodia

VARIETY OF CULTURES & VARIETY OF CULTURES & RELIGIONSRELIGIONS

Activity: P.24 WB

Funan (1st–6th century CE)

Srivijaya (7th–13th century CE)

Majapahit (800–1432 CE)

Melaka (1403–1511 CE)

POWERFUL SEA POWERFUL SEA EMPIRESEMPIRES

CULMINATING CULMINATING PERFORMANCE – p.25PERFORMANCE – p.25

Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

1.1. A ‘civilisation’ is...A ‘civilisation’ is...A ‘kingdom’ is...A ‘kingdom’ is...An 'empire' is... An 'empire' is...

2. The factors that led to the rise of 2. The factors that led to the rise of civilisations were... civilisations were...

3. The features of a civilisation are... 3. The features of a civilisation are...

Assignment:Assignment:Complete p.28-33 of Complete p.28-33 of Work BookWork Book

Technology

Chapter 3 Birth Of Civilisations