Choose Your Own Adventure 3: The Final Countdown/Return of the Rainbows

Adam Jacob Chief Customer Officer

Twitter: @adamhjk, Email: [email protected]

Friday, June 29, 12

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

• Chief Customer Officer @ Opscode

• Systems Administrator

• Lots of Mergers and Acquisitions

• Consultant

http://www.flickr.com/photos/anotherphotograph/2100904507/sizes/o/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/timyates/2854357446/sizes/l/

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• Developers?


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• Developers?

• Systems Administrators?


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• Developers?


• DevOps?


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• Developers?


• DevOps?

• “Business” People?


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• Developers?


• DevOps?

• “Business” People?

• Executives?


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What do you want to talk about?

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Managing Operations No Asshole Rule

Sales and Marketing Systems Administrators are Polyglots

Dangers of Automation Making Money with Open Source

You Must Love Your Editor Convergence, Idempotence, Promise Theory

How Websites Fail DevOps

Fund Raising Random Advice

Make your choice...

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ManagingOperations

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Professional Road Blockers

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Reason:Responsibilities are all out of

whack.

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Operations is responsible for two

things

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System Availability

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Efficiency

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Operations should

• Set standards

• Troubleshoot

• Enable everyone

• Be the fire department

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Push responsibility to the edges

Developers must be on call

Systems Administrators should be escalated to

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Drill

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Metrics tie to $$

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When you say no...

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When you say no...

You should be saying “I’ll say yes if you take responsibility”

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When you say no...

You should be saying “I’ll say yes if you take responsibility”

Managers, Executives - you have to live this

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Make your choice...

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No Asshole Rule

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/91018475@N00/14998279/sizes/l/

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You’re an asshole if:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/91018475@N00/14998279/sizes/l/

• After encountering you, people feel oppressed, humiliated, or otherwise worse about themselves

• You target people less powerful than you

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Chronic Assholes

http://www.flickr.com/photos/swanksalot/4802111386/sizes/l/

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Chronic Assholes

• You can’t stop


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Chronic Assholes


• It means you are incompetent at your job


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Chronic Assholes


• It means you are incompetent at your job

• Doesn’t matter how smart you are


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Bad is stronger than good

http://www.flickr.com/photos/furryscalyman/523123579/sizes/l/

http://liberalorder.typepad.com/the_liberal_order/files/bad_apples_rob.pdf

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• Positive interactions must outnumber negative ones 5:1



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• Bad interactions have stronger, more pervasive, and longer lasting effects



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• Bad interactions have stronger, more pervasive, and longer lasting effects



Over 1/2 of those who experienced incivility at work reported they lost time worrying about the

incident and its consequences

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Bad Apples Spoil the Barrel

http://www.flickr.com/photos/merixon/3823883988/sizes/l/


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Withholders of effort


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Affectively negative

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Interpersonal deviants

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• Intentionally dodge their responsibilities to the group and free ride off others




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• Shirking (economists)




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• Free Riding (sociologists)




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• Social Loafing (psychologists)




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• Social Loafing (psychologists)

• Being Lazy (everyone else)http://www.flickr.com/photos/merixon/3823883988/sizes/l/



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• Continually expresses a negative mood or attitude.




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• Pessimism




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• Pessimism

• Anxiety




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• Pessimism

• Anxiety

• Insecurity




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• Pessimism

• Anxiety

• Insecurity

• Irritationhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/merixon/3823883988/sizes/l/



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• People who violate interpersonal norms of respect




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• Making fun of someone




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• Inappropriate ethnic, religious or sexist remarks




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• Inappropriate ethnic, religious or sexist remarks

• Public embarrasment




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We celebrate smart bastards

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• BOFH

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• BOFH

• ASCII Dongs

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• BOFH

• ASCII Dongs

• X is a piece of crap because of Y

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• BOFH

• ASCII Dongs


• Z is an idiot because they built X in Y way

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• BOFH

• ASCII Dongs


• Z is an idiot because they built X in Y way

• Twitter #fail

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We undermine the entire industry

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rodimuspower/3994291430/sizes/z/

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• Industry wide this creates an enormous inefficiency


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• Hampers our competitiveness


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• Hampers our competitiveness

• Damages our open source communities


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• Lead with questions, not with statements

• Understand the effort and time others have invested

• Avoid the passive-aggressive snark

http://www.flickr.com/photos/aloha75/4753674243/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/bebouchard/482510614/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Don’t be an assholeAssholes are incompetent - let’s shun them

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Make your choice...

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Sales and Marketing

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• Runs “Campaigns” to bring “Leads”

• Does “Lead Nurturing” to help convert to qualified “Prospects”

MarketingBringsLeads

http://www.flickr.com/photos/aroberts/1669997859/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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The Funnel (Pipeline)

• Leads get converted to Prospects through Qualification

• Some percentage of Prospects (usually 1/3 to 1/4) convert

Your Sales Guy Lives Here

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In one slide

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kupkup/499566518/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chiaralily/3912278390/

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In one slide



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In one slide

$http://www.flickr.com/photos/kupkup/499566518/


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In one slide



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In one slide



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In one slide



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In one slide



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In one slide



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$

In one slide



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Make your choice...

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Sysadmins are Polyglots

http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/4122468063/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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Not so fast, punk!

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Everyone here is a software developer

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• Strings, Arrays, Hashes

• Whipitupitude

• Manipulexity

• Regular Expressions

• Objects

• Code Re-Use

http://www.flickr.com/photos/reidrac/2952137714/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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• REPLs are awesome

• I dislike contraints

• Mostly everything-is-an-object is goodFriday, June 29, 12

• First class functions / Closures are awesome

• Everything is an object

• Metaprogramming

• Monkey-patching leads to trouble

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pswansen/41832591/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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• Tracking state doesn’t require objects

• List comprehensions are amazing

• Multi-methods

• Built-in process supervision

• It’s *fun* to think functionally

• Actor concurrency makes you feel like a magic yogi

• Syntax doesn’t matter if it fits the needFriday, June 29, 12

( )Clojure

• Less syntax is better

• Data is Code

• Single process concurrency

• Shell scripting to lisp is easy

• Systems Administrators should learn Lisp first

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• You can speak cogently with more of your peers

• You can debug the applications you run

• Learning gets easier

• You start caring exclusively about fit

http://www.flickr.com/photos/freelancersunion/3501435073/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Make your choice...

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Dangers of automation

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonathangill/5338645910/

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Almost always caused by focusing in the

wrong place

http://www.flickr.com/photos/liberato/133570414/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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5 common dangers

• Moving faster than the business can handle

• Failing to build in operability

• Tautologies

• Failure to articulate the business need

• Loving the Unicorn

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Moving faster than the

business can handle

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Technology moves faster than business

cultureFriday, June 29, 12

Automation is no

shortcut to cultural change

http://www.flickr.com/photos/fotogezi/4642668435/sizes/z/in/photostream/

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Failing to build in operability

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A

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I’m Sleepy!

A

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I’m Sleepy!

A

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!A

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

A

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

A

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

A

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

AA

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

AAHow do I use this thing?

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

AAHow do I use this thing?

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

AWTF?!

AHow do I use this thing?

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

AWTF?!

AHow do I use this thing?

Halp!

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

A

Fine, I’ll fix it

WTF?!A

How do I use this thing?

Halp!

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I’m Sleepy!

You do it!

Do what?

It!

Um,Ok.

A

Fine, I’ll fix it

WTF?!A

How do I use this thing?

Halp!

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/5893333070/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Tautologies are bad!

Usually.

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Failure to articulate the business need

What is the $ value of your automation?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dreamagicjp/2226097076/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Loving the Unicorn

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Make your choice...

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Making money with Open Source

http://www.flickr.com/photos/55919472@N00/1478647249/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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The value of Open Source to a Business

• Accelerate development

• Empower Users

• Encourage Proliferation

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dburka/2967863568/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Accelerated product development

• Core Features

• Bug Fixes

• Evangelism

• To gain maximum value, you must open source early

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pulpolux/215165567/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Empowered Users

• Willing to sweat to make it work

• Means you can ship earlier

• Become stronger advocates, because they feel a sense of ownership

http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/5327432805/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Encourage Proliferation

• Strong Communities

• Your brand and IP become tied to the individuals who join

• You must be peers, or they smell a rat

http://www.flickr.com/photos/emilyrides/5858397465/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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Classes of individuals

1. Builders

• Participate because it is early

• Unfinished is sexy

• Add new features, fix bugs

• Eventually move on to new projects, become Evangelists

• Rarely pay you money, they pay sweat

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2. Early Adopters

• Primarily users

• Must be complete enough to solve one of their use cases (but not all!)

• Will fix bugs and improve things

• May be willing to pay you eventually

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Classes of individuals3. Evangelists

• Passionate advocates

• Product must be complete enough to solve a complicated vertical

• May fix things, more likely to just point them out

• Willing to advocate consumers paying for your product

• Have many motivations Friday, June 29, 12


4. Consumers

• Users of the software

• Bugs are bugs, not new opportunities

• Expect thought out solutions

• Need support and training

• Couldn’t really use it without paying you,

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• Support

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• Support• Open Core

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• Support• Open Core• Open Platform

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Support

http://www.flickr.com/photos/thurm/2316152263/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Support

• Can be high value if the coverage is broad

• Requires discipline to scale

• Has a very straightforward social contract

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Open Core

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Open Core

• Has a very complex social contract

• People tend to smell rats

• Not much difference from saying there is a “free” as in beer version

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Open Platforms

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Open Platforms

• Complex social contract

• Must allow multiple businesses to flourish on the platform

• Peerage must be deep

• Might accidentally create a colonial economy

http://www.flickr.com/photos/johntolson/4608455941/sizes/z/in/photostream/

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Make your choice...

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Systems Administrators make spot edits

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We don’t love our editors - we use them

(barely)

;(

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Professional programmers tend to

love their editors

<3Friday, June 29, 12

Infrastructure as Code

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Do you want to love your editor?

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Learn to type• 50 WPM minimum

Top Speed: 98 mph Top Speed: 211 mph

At least as good as a Yugo

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Line NumbersINFO: *** Chef 0.10.10 ***INFO: Run List is [recipe[apache], recipe[motd]]INFO: Run List expands to [apache, motd]INFO: Starting Chef Run for adam-training.novalocalINFO: Running start handlersINFO: Start handlers complete.INFO: Loading cookbooks [apache, motd]INFO: Storing updated cookbooks/motd/recipes/default.rb in the cache.INFO: Storing updated cookbooks/motd/metadata.rb in the cache.INFO: Storing updated cookbooks/motd/README.md in the cache.INFO: Processing package[apache2] action install (apache::default line 10)INFO: Processing service[apache2] action start (apache::default line 14)INFO: Processing service[apache2] action enable (apache::default line 14)INFO: Processing cookbook_file[/var/www/index.html] action create (apache::default line 18)INFO: Processing template[/etc/motd.tail] action create (motd::default line 10)ERROR: template[/etc/motd.tail] (motd::default line 10) has had an errorERROR: template[/etc/motd.tail] (/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/motd/recipes/default.rb:10:in `from_file') had an error:

Chef::Mixin::Template::TemplateError (undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass) on line #2:

1: This server is property of <%= node['company'] %> 2: <% if node['pci']['in_scope'] -%> 3: This server is in-scope for PCI compliance 4: <% end -%>

(erubis):2:in `block in evaluate'

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Line Numbers

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Line Numbers

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Stop Quitting“Every time you remove your hands from the

keyboard, it is a cache miss.” - Steve Yegge via Christopher Brown

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Use a professional font

Inconsolata (http://levien.com/type/myfonts/inconsolata.html)12pts or greater

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http://levien.com/type/myfonts/inconsolata.html

http://levien.com/type/myfonts/inconsolata.html

0O0O0O

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Syntax Highlighting

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Syntax Highlighting

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Learn to Open a Directory

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Open a file

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Open a buffer

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Use Tabs

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Split the Window

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Bounce between brackets

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%

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%

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%

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Execute an arbitrary command

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Integrate with source controlFriday, June 29, 12

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Make your choice...

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Convergence, Idempotence, and Promise Theory

http://www.flickr.com/photos/doubleray/2865532960/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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Mark Burgess

• Convergence

• Idempotency

• Promise Theory

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Let’s install Trac

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Theory 1: You cannot manage what

you do not understand

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Practice 1: Write it down

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So I followed the instructions...

• I had to install python, build tools, pip and virtualenv, along with PostgreSQL

• And a whole mess of other Python deps

• Also, Subversion

• And I went ahead and opted out of configuring Apache and mod_wsgi

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Tell me, Adam, how did it go?

• Um, it took me 45 minutes.

• Typos, figuring out to not use the OS packages for the python bits

• You could do it more or less fast

• But it isn’t an outlier - it’s representative of lots of software in the world.

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Well, cool, I could do it by hand.• But I want to be

able to do it again

http://www.flickr.com/photos/scenesfromamemory/7036828007/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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So I wrote a script

Whats goodTotally works

High degree of whipupitudeExactly what I typed on the CLI, basically

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So I wrote a script

Whats badI’m not checking error codes

Can I get a ‘bash -e’ up in this bad boy?

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Requires working upstream network

Whats badWhat happens if the upstream is down?No big deal with apt, minor deal with pipThe PG stuff will fail, obviously, unless we

have Pg installed

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Trac initenv fails if the environment is

Whats badYeah, so, it’s the last thing, but it will fail if

it’s already happened

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How do we fix it, Adam?

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Idempotency

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Idempotency

Idempotence ( /ˌaɪdɨmˈpoʊtəns/ eye-dəm-poh-təns) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science, that they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application.

Friday, June 29, 12

Idempotency

Idempotence ( /ˌaɪdɨmˈpoʊtəns/ eye-dəm-poh-təns) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science, that they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application.

Theory 2:Each step in your

process should ensure that the part of the

system it configures is in the right state - and

do nothing if we’re already there.

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In Bash...

Friday, June 29, 12

In Chef

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ConvergenceIn mathematics, computer science and logic, convergence refers to the idea that a series of transformations come to a conclusion in a finite amount of time (the transformations are terminating), and that the conclusion reached is independent of the path taken to get to it (they are confluent).

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ConvergenceIn mathematics, computer science and logic, convergence refers to the idea that a series of transformations come to a conclusion in a finite amount of time (the transformations are terminating), and that the conclusion reached is independent of the path taken to get to it (they are confluent).

Theory 3:If you have idempotent steps, you can just run

the script over and over until it works

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Lets say

• We grow our Trac install - it’s the most busy Trac install in history.

• We’ve got load balancers, databases, and web servers

• We need one more theory...

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Promise TheoryPromise theory is a model of voluntary cooperation between individual, autonomous actors or agents who publish their intentions to one another in the form of promises. A promise is a declaration of intent whose purpose is to increase the recipient's certainty about a claim of past, present or future behaviour (see [1]). For a promise to increase certainty, the recipient needs to trust the promiser, but trust can also be built on the verification that previous promises have been kept, thus trust plays a symbiotic relationship with promises.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promise_theory#cite_note-0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promise_theory#cite_note-0

Promise TheoryPromise theory is a model of voluntary cooperation between individual, autonomous actors or agents who publish their intentions to one another in the form of promises. A promise is a declaration of intent whose purpose is to increase the recipient's certainty about a claim of past, present or future behaviour (see [1]). For a promise to increase certainty, the recipient needs to trust the promiser, but trust can also be built on the verification that previous promises have been kept, thus trust plays a symbiotic relationship with promises.

Theory 4:Only the actor that

makes a promise can keep a promise, and

even then, they might lie

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An analogy

• Lets say I promise to NOT to give Theo a hug

• Because Theo hates hugs

• But I love hugs

• And Theo knows this

• So he tells Jason

• “Make sure Adam doesn’t hug me”

• But I am fast

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An analogy

• And Jason is Slow

• And Theo and Jason aren’t always together

• So I’m totally going to hug him

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An analogy

• Only the actor who makes the promise can keep the promise

• Only through observing my behavior first hand can you be sure that I’ll keep my promises

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It’s why...

• In almost all large environments

• They have moved away from complex orchestration

• Because the problem with orchestration is the orchestrator

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Make your choice...

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How Websites Fail

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wingler/3429634150/sizes/l/

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CAP Theorem

• Consistency

• Availability

• Partition Tolerance

PickTwo

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Most SQL Databases

• Choose Consistency over all

• Availability comes distant second

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Web Applications need...

• Availability

• Partition Tolerance

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“Global temporal consistency is a fiction”

Christopher Brown

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Choosing Consistency for your Web App...

Means failure is global

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When you choose Partition Tolerance and

Availability...

You fail or succeed for a subset of users

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Apologies

• Apologize after the fact for failures

• Better than nothing at all

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NoSQL

• Many different tools

• They tweak CAP differently

• CouchDB

• Cassandra

• Redis

• Dynomite

• MongoDB

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Change in Mindset

Yields simplicity in returnFriday, June 29, 12







Make your choice...

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Copyright © 2010 Opscode, Inc - All Rights Reserved 140http://www.flickr.com/photos/cnmark/312897597/

Friday, June 29, 12

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cnmark/312897597/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cnmark/312897597/

Copyright © 2010 Opscode, Inc - All Rights Reserved

Cultural and Professional Movement

141Friday, June 29, 12

Copyright © 2010 Opscode, Inc - All Rights Reserved 142

It is (still) not a Job Description

http://www.flickr.com/photos/helenduffett/4061604644/sizes/o/

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Traditional Systems Operations

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Traditional Systems Operations

WebOps

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Soft

war

e D

evel

oper

s

Net

wor

k En

gine

ers

Syst

ems A

dmin

istr

ator

s

Secu

rity

Eng

inee

rs

Some VP

Dir. Dir. Dir. Dir.

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Software Developers

Network Engineers

Systems Administrators

Security Engineers

Friends

Peers

Mentors

Fun

Dir. Dir.

Dir. Dir.

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The movement is inclusiveAwesomeHappyCool

Built neat stuff!

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There are exclusive peopleGrumpy

Tool-centricUs vs Them

I’m a DevOp, you’re a Sysadmin!

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Join the inclusive peopleWe’re neater.

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Make your choice...

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Fund Raising

http://www.flickr.com/photos/aresauburnphotos/2678453389/sizes/l/

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Is fun

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Step 0: The Team

• Get your house in order

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Step 1 - The Plan

• I’m thankful every day we wrote one

• 20-30 pages is plenty

• 150 pages total of documentation generated by deal closing time (Q & A, mostly)

Friday, June 29, 12

Not really for fund raising...

“A business plan, wow, I haven’t seen one of those in a long time.”

“That’s nice. Give me a slide deck of that.” - Bill Bryant

Friday, June 29, 12

Estimates

• Just have a reasonable explanation

• You must believe

• If you can’t believe in it, fix it or give up

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Step 2:Lawyer

• Highly connected

• Defer fees

• Two firm per venture deal == they know what gets funded

http://www.flickr.com/photos/benny_lin/245110460/sizes/l/

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Step 3: Pitching

• Don’t take it personally

• Analysts are like people you knew in high school debate

• Pitch what you believe in - not what you are told you can get funded

• Research the VC

http://www.flickr.com/photos/36749444@N06/3722896165/sizes/o/

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It takes longer than you think

Friday, June 29, 12







Make your choice...

Friday, June 29, 12

Friday, June 29, 12







Make your choice...

Friday, June 29, 12