Cloud Computing

(Now even my Mummy will understand it!)

Presentation for 2020 MSL – 27 May 2011 - Brian Pereira, Editor, InformationWeek

Agenda1. What is Virtualization?

- The need, benefits- Infrastructure

2. What is cloud? - Key characteristics- Architecture- Deployment models- Cloud engineering

3. Virtualization and Cloud- Impact on the data center

4. Vendors and solution providers- Enterprise providing different services and solutions for building, managing and maintaining of Virtualisation and Cloud

(like Symantec, CA, IBM, Microsoft, etc)

Down memory lane…

1960s onwards - The mainframes (big iron machines) – IBM 704

IBM 700 and 7,000 series

(Computer system architectures)

Word war II

Modern mainframes

> Used for bulk data processing jobs like national census, ERP and compilation of industry statistics

>ENIAC, Colossus> For cracking the enemies military communication codes

> Internal architecture has changed> For heavy processing tasks: nuclear simulation, weather forecasting, computer-based modeling

Dumb Terminal

Down memory lane…2

• 1970s – mid-80s : Era of Mini Computers• Integrated Circuit• Smaller in size• Large and mid-sized enterprises (Financial inst. Travel)• DEC, Data General, Wang, Apollo, Prime• OS: VMS, CP/M


• Mid-80s onwards• Microprocessor (lower cost)• Much smaller• Affordable• Personal computer launched

by IBM in 1982• Versatile (software)• Popular OS (MS DOS)• Commoditized processor (x86)


• 1990s – Era of networking (LAN)• 1960s – computers used by military, govt. and scientific

establishments were networked (ARPANET, later INTERNET)• LAN networks (Novell, Banyan etc)• Client server architecture (popular)• Peer to peer networks• Gave rise to sub-nets

and departmental LANs• WANs for connecting

computers over longer distances (using leased lines, VSATs)

• Distributed computing

LANs – pros and cons With LANs you could share and centralize resources E.g. File Server, Print Server, Database server, communications

server (E-fax, email)

CONS WAN links (communication lines) were expensive Subnets lead to server sprawl (each department had its own LAN) Interoperability between dept. LANS became a challenge

(disparate operating systems, protocols, apps, OS and systems) Higher TCO and running maintenance costs More technical manpower

Trends

• Multi-core processors (Intel Core 2 Duo)• Hyper-threading (instructions processed in parallel)• Larger RAM capacities in servers• RAM more affordable• Cost of disk storage decreases• Server operating systems improve• RAID technology and disk arrays• Blade servers• More componentization

(discrete power unit, processor, storage)

Consolidate and Virtualize

• One server loaded with computing resources• Logical partitions • Virtual machines (VMs)

• Hypervisor software (Virtual Machine Manager)(Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware, Citrix Xen /XenSource)

• Desktop Virtualization (VDI)(Citrix, Microsoft, Ncomputing)

• Storage Virtualization, Server Virtualization

Virtualization

• The first hypervisor was introduced in 1967 on IBM’s CP-40 mainframe

• Later it was common on Unix operating systems in the 70s and 80s. Later in Linux distributions.

• Virtualization is not new!

Modern Thin clients

Yesterday’s thin client(Dumb terminal)

Emergence of data centers

• Virtualized servers and storage subsystems require a special environment

• Heat dissipation, cooling• Structured cabling• Power management• HVAC, Air-conditioning• Rack systems (to reduce footprint)

Modern Data centers

Yesterday’s mainframe (old data center)

INTERNET

In the Cloud

• Internet service providers (ISPs)– server farms– hosting services, Net services, server co-location- e,g, Exodus, VSNL, AOL

• Application service providers (ASPs)• Infrastructure service providers (data centers)

Types of services

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – formerly hosting

• Software as a Service (SaaS) – formerly ASP

• Platform as a Service (PaaS) – development

Emergence of Cloud computing

• IaaS, SaaS and PaaS are different types of cloud services

IaaS (Data centers) SaaS PaaS

SIFY, Ctrl S, ESDS, NetMagic Microsoft BPOS Windows Azure

Telcos: Airtel, Reliance etc Ramco ERP Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute

ISPs: VSNL/BSNL etc SAP – Business by Design Google App Engine

Red Hat Open Shift

Cloud management services and solutions

• Cloud deployment and management• SLA and Catalog management• Cloud monitoring• Cloud Security• Project and Portfolio management

• Vendors: CA, Symantec, Dell etc

Cloud – NIST definition

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

--National Institute of Standards and Technology

Types of Clouds

• Public cloud• Private Cloud• Hybrid Cloud• Federated Cloud

Cloud - Advantages

• Rent resources and pay as you go (OPEX)• Control costs• Save on software licenses• Low capital expenditure on hardware (CAPEX)• Communities can share resources (federated clouds)

Cloud Disadvantages

• Security – multi-tenant environment• Loss of control and autonomy• Dependence on one party (recent failure of Amazon)• Rules specific to certain countries mandate that data stays

within the country (banking regulator) or even within the company (UAE)

Thank you!

(I told you so!)

{Go forth and spread the word}

*/ends/*