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Cloud Computing and Virtualization-
Newest TrendsSrinath Perera, Ph.D.
Senior Software Architect, WSO2Research Scientist, Lanka Software Foundation
Member, Apache Software FoundationVisiting Faculty, University of Moratuwa
Next 1 hour: Goal What is Cloud? More on Why and
When and less about How?
Take home is some idea of when to and when not to use the Cloud
Men, it has been well said, think in herds; it will be seen that they go mad in herds, while they only recover their senses slowly, and one by
one. ~ Charles Mackay
Copied from http://www.flickr.com/photos/54555810@N00/2848637190/, by Rambling Traveler
Gold Rush
Very good example of a hype Only few actually made money But associated services (merchants
and transportations) made lot of money
The Cloud Bandwagon Is Cloud a hype? Of course
it is! Is it Just hype? may be not,
thats what we will discuss.
But don’t get me wrong, even if it is a hype, that
doesn’t mean we should not be talking about it.
Image from http://www.flickr.com/photos/88929764@N00/4436978855/
Some Hypes Deliver: Hype Cycle
We have to understand what it is and what drives it? That would tell us how to navigate.
Selling Shovels In the Gold Rush
Hype change the demand and supply dynamics.
Fire Open up the space for new Trees
Hypes often change the dynamics, and give a chance for new comers to climb to the top
Image from http://www.flickr.com/photos/leppre/485528374/
So What is Cloud?
Based on the idea that computation and storage can be rented as a utility from data centers that runs somewhere (in the cloud) on demand.
− Remote resources that are rented− On demand and in elastic manner− Pay as you go
Electricity as a Utility as an Example
Now, no one run generators themselves Use electricity that is remotely generated Can draw when need it Only pay for what you use
Electricity as a Utility: Benefits
Small startup cost (do not have to buy a generator)
No operational cost Do not need to do capacity planning Overall cheaper electricity due to
economics of scale Making it parts of the everyday life,
commodity (accessibility)
Image from http://www.flickr.com/photos/infomofo/3220498521
Benefits of the Cloud Avoid/reduce operational
costs by outsourcing Can scale up and down as
needed Pay as you go Making it parts of the
everyday life, commodity (accessibility)
Cheaper computing power due to economy of scale
Drivers of Cloud
Unused computing power at Google, Amazon Max load >> average load High operational cost, need for outsourcing Availability of large scale solutions and
infrastructure as side efforts of high tech company operations
Cloud Classification
For end-users
For developers, integrators, architects
For infrastructure specialists
IaaS Example: Amazon Two services
− S3 Storage− EC2 computing cloud
Based on Virtualization, where each user is given a virtual machine and charged by the hour
Need least amount of changes to move apps to the Cloud. They in a way replace hosting services
Least amount of out of the box services (e.g. DOS attack prevention) and advanced services like scaling etc., are a responsibility of the user.
Often the best choice for ad-hoc computer users.
PaaS Example: Google App Engine
Support Java and Python Support web requests and run user written web
applications in an isolated environment− Java version based on servlets
Support storage based on Big table, memcache based cache, and auto scaling
Can write apps locally, test it, and then upload to the Cloud
SaaS Example: Salesforce
Provide support for CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software as a Service
The application available out of the box users just configure and use it.
Salesforce handles all the details, and a ideal choice for outsourcing IT functions
However, applications are very specific and customizations are limited.
Virtualization
IaaS uses Virtualization to provide infrastructure as a service
Virtualization can add significant overhead (each instruction become 2 instructions)
− new CPUs have hardware support for virtualization, which make things better
− Still I/O is a challenge
Mimic the hardware layer using software, and provide a “virtual” machine to the next layers
− Used to mimic multiple machines within the same machine
− easier manageability and migration (move machines based on load)
− e.g. Vmware, Xen, KVM
Cloud Platform Tradeoffs
Private Cloud
Idea is optimizing resource sharing, utilizations, and operations
− e.g. testing environments Connection to public Cloud is possible
− Amazon VPC uses VPN, WSO2 Cloud Service Gateway
Image http://www.flickr.com/photos/glasgows/536185797/, Some rights reserved by M Glasgow
Run a Cloud within the organization (mainly due
to security concerns).
e.g. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), IBM private cloud, WSO2 Stratos private Cloud
Potential Impact
More Room to Outsource Non Key Functions of a Organization
Organizations outsource their non-competitive areas to reduce costs and focus on their own expertise.
IT departments are a major cost in most organizations
Cloud enables Organizations to outsource some of the IT functions
Small Start Up Cost Small start up cost
− Reducing the gap between visionaries and dreamers
− New organization has better chance for outsourcing operations through the Cloud
− Cloud competition likely to drive down hosting prizes
1 computer for 100days = 100 computers for 1 day
Great tool for occasional computations
− Research labs − Reporting collecting data
for a story− New york Times tiff to pdf
conversion Rise of analytics
− great tool for offline analysis
− Business Intelligence (BI) − Audits
Large Scale Computation and Storage Resources becoming a
Commodity
Computer intensive desktop apps (e.g. Excel, 3D Max)
Normal people, not just organizations
can have access to computing power
and storage
Autoscaling and Cloud Bursting
Max load >> average load Allocate based on the load Running internal machines in an average load
(because cloud is still expensive than hardware ) and scale out to cloud when there is high load
− Mimic the Hybrid car
Dangers and Concerns
Privacy/ Security/ Trust
− Can we trust the outsiders to not look at our data? Well it depends. But concern is normal for any out sourcing
− Can we trust their security measures? Does the isolations are good enough?
− If we are keeping data owned by others, what are the legal implications etc.
With cloud you will run your apps and put your data in an outsider's administrative domain
Latency/ Bandwidth Why does electricity as a Utility was so
successful? One key aspect was almost unlimited speed and capacity
Is that the same for Cloud? − Not really, specially for countries like
Sri Lanka− Most people dismiss this, and does
not even want to discuss− But for some apps (e.g. interactive
apps like games) this can be a issue
Possibilities− support for offline operation − Fedex your data
Performance
It will inevitably slower (3-4 times if unlucky) − Often the overhead comes from I/O− Some hit on CPU power− Expect the bottlenecks to shift
Remember performance ≠ scalability − Cloud likely to let you scale out, but performance
on individual nodes likely to go down
In the Cloud, your software will run on an
another layer of abstractions
Challenges Cloud Middleware
− Long running, large scale, fault Tolerant Computations
− Scalable service and resource scheduling
− Scalable, secure, self-managing, fault-tolerant data storage for long running processors
− Multi-tenancy and Isolation− Delegation across organizations
Cloud Operations− Metering and Billing− Provisioning and Monitoring− Data Confidentiality and auditability − Supporting SLA and QOS
Challenges (Contd.) Programming Model
− Parallel Programming (Map Reduce)
− Better App programming models – Web, Jason, APIs
− Supporting Mobile devices
Overall Recommendations
Cloud Platform Tradeoffs
Look back: Recommendations
How can we benefits from the Cloud? My list of benefits were by no means exhaustive.
− If you are small startup? Doing something part time (writing Apps for App Store), then cloud is for you definitely.
− If you have a small data center, need to efficiently manage that and increase utilization, you should think Private Cloud
© Copyright Kirsty Smith and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons
License
Look back: Recommendations (Contd.)
If your services have a Max load >> Average load, you should think about crowd bursting
If you do heavy computations once in a while (analytics, audits), then use IaaS there.
If you want to outsource some of your IT functions, think SaaS
Before leap think about 3 major concerns of Cloud? − Security/ Privacy, Latency and Performance
How much sharing and savings I need?− IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Questions?