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CultureCulture
Mr. A
South High
Room 252
Definition of CultureDefinition of Culture
Culture is the total way Culture is the total way of life shared by of life shared by members of a members of a community. It community. It includes not only includes not only language, values, and language, values, and symbolic meanings symbolic meanings but also technology but also technology and material objects.and material objects.
2 Categories of Culture2 Categories of Culture
Nonmaterial culture;Nonmaterial culture;
language, values, rules, knowledge, and language, values, rules, knowledge, and shared meaningsshared meanings
Material culture;Material culture;
physical objects that a society produces-physical objects that a society produces-tools, streets, sculptures, and toys, etc…tools, streets, sculptures, and toys, etc…
Common AssumptionsCommon Assumptions
Culture is Culture is problem solvingproblem solving
Culture is Culture is relativerelative
Culture is a Culture is a social productsocial product
Culture is Culture is problem solvingproblem solving
People everywhere face common issues;People everywhere face common issues;
-food-food
-shelter-shelter
-security-security
-raise children to replace them and their -raise children to replace them and their way of lifeway of life
Culture is Culture is relativerelative
methodological relativism: cultural practices can only be understood relative to the culture in which they exist (e.g., is Yanomamö endocannibalism nutritional or religious?).ethical relativism: there is no basis to judge whether a particular cultural practice is good or bad. That is, all cultures and cultural values are equally valid, of equal worth, and equal dignity - we should have tolerance and respect for any cultural practice. This is a non-scientific proposition because it cannot be evaluated scientifically.
Culture is Culture is relativerelative
EthnocentrismEthnocentrism
Culture is a Culture is a social productsocial product
People learn culture, and, as they use it People learn culture, and, as they use it they modify it and change it.they modify it and change it.
Culture depends or relies on language.Culture depends or relies on language.
Culture is cumulativeCulture is cumulative
Carriers of CultureCarriers of Culture
LanguageLanguage
ValuesValues
NormsNorms
LanguageLanguage
Communicating with symbols.Communicating with symbols.
Language as embodiment of cultureLanguage as embodiment of culture
Language as symbolLanguage as symbol
Language as frameworkLanguage as framework
ValuesValues
Shared ideas about desirable goalsShared ideas about desirable goals
NormsNorms
Shared rules of conductShared rules of conduct
FolkwaysFolkways
MoresMores
LawsLaws
Social ControlSocial Control
SanctionsSanctions
SanctionsSanctions
Cultural DiversityCultural Diversity
SubcultureSubculture
CountercultureCounterculture
SubcultureSubculture
Counterculture Counterculture
Assimilation or MulticulturismAssimilation or Multiculturism
Deafness as SubcultureDeafness as Subculture
Sources of Cultural Diversity and Sources of Cultural Diversity and ChangeChange
EnvironmentEnvironment
IsolationIsolation
Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion
TechnologyTechnology
Mass MediaMass Media
EnvironmentEnvironment
IsolationIsolation
Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion
TechnologyTechnology
Mass MediaMass Media