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Rachel, Roya, and Shayne
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“Generally speaking, the errors in religion are dangerous; those in
philosophy only ridiculous.”
Moral Sense Theory Aesthetics Bundle Theory of the Self Theory of Knowledge Emotive Theory
Moral Agent The Receiver Moral Spectator
Person who performs the action
Person affected by the condition
Person who observes the event
Holy! I better call the cops!
Where’s my
car?!
I’m gunna steal
this car!
True beauty can be discovered through the five senses
“Taste” – a person’s ability to recognize the aesthetic features of an object
Hume believed that taste is universal
People lack a weak imagination, thus making inaccurate judgments
Subjectivist: the amount of pleasure a work of art arouses in the perceiver
Hume is a subjectivist
Hume believed that some universal qualities of art produce similar judgments in people, who are qualified to make judgments
Consistency and uniformity of the whole
How well the object achieves its purpose
Variety Clarity of conception Accuracy of imitation
Hume believed that the people who were allowed to make judgments, looked for the following:
The self is a bundle or a collection of bits and pieces of experience
Concluded that the self is nothing but a loosely knit collection – a bundle – of perceptions
Argued that there is no permanent "self" that continues over time
Denied that knowledge could be located in the everyday world of the senses
Goal: ideas are a product of sense perception
Divides into two categories: simple and complex
Impressions are more lively ideas like the idea of a city
Believed every idea that humans have, is derived from something
The idea of Causality
Cause-and-Effect relationship
No! My Sandwich!!
!
Cause: You push your sandwich off of a table
Effect: Your sandwich drops to the floor
Ideas of moral facts do not exist Moral claims are nothing but
expressions of feeling or attitude Argued that it is impossible to make
moral choices
Causality – Hume believed that no one can prove that causality exists
People expect the 2nd event to follow the 1st event again
This denied that it proved the existence of a causal connection between the two events also proves that anything cannot be perceived by the senses
“Because something always happened in the past, it does not mean
that it will always happen in the future.”
Ideas were influenced by John Locke & George Berkeley
Hume and Berkeley had different view points between reason and sensation
“Reason and rational judgments are merely
habitual associations of distinct sensations or
experiences.”
Disagreed with Descartes that the mind contained innate ideas
“Innate ideas and principles are placed in the
human mind by a God or an
equivalent being or process.”
NO! YES!
Criticized the idea that we could be certain about anything outside of our
experience
I haven’t climbed a mountain before,
but it looks easy so I’m going to do it!
Rejected the idea of causation rejection of scientific laws, one event causes another, and probably always will
Perceptions are the mind’s general contents
Two kinds of perceptions: ideas and impressions
“Phenomenalism” - knowledge consists of appearances in the mind
“Utility” – the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome
“Ought from Is” - statements of moral obligation cannot simply be deduced from statements of fact
"David Hume." Msn Encarta. 2008. Microsoft. 13 Nov. 2008 <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576701/david_hume.html>.
"David Hume." Answers.com. 2006. Answers Corporation. 17 Nov. 2008 <http://www.answers.com/topic/david-hume>.
Fieser, James. "David Hume (1711-1776) Moral Theory." The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2006. 14 Nov. 2008 <http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/humemora.htm>.
Morris, William E. "David Hume." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 26 Feb. 2001. 13 Nov. 2008 <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/#emp>.
Paquette, Paul. Philosophy : Questions and Theories. New York: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Limited, 2002.