- 1.Developing a New DSS for SuDS Design and Flood Risk
Management Jo-fai Chow*, Dragan Savi, David Fortune and Zoran
Kapelan
2. Introduction [email protected] (01/21)
About this project STREAM Industrial Doctorate Centre Cranfield,
Exeter*, Imperial, Newcastle & Sheffield University Micro
Drainage (an XP Solutions Company) EPSRC funded Goal New features
for commercial drainage design software About me Civil and
Environmental Engineering (BEng, MSc) Water Infrastructure Asset
Management Consultant Data-driven Modelling Optimisation using
Genetic Algorithm PhD candidate in Hydroinformatics 3. Towards
Sustainability [email protected] (02/21) Social
What are covered in most drainage design software packages?
Environmental Water quantity Water quality Economic Life cycle cost
Not enough emphasis on social impact multiple benefits
Sustainability Circles 4. Research Objectives
[email protected] (03/21) Maximising multiple
benefits Identifying best trade-off Communication Platform
Planners, engineers, architects, landscape architects, developers,
local government, insurance companies, water companies Integration
with existing software Additional decision support 5. Sustainable
Drainage Systems Conventional Drainage Systems How to Define a Good
Drainage Design? [email protected] (04/21) In
the past least cost design with sufficient hydraulic performance
Now Market drivers: legislation, best practice must consider the
use of SuDS first Challenge optimal combination? Better use of
large pipes ?? Das Park Hotel, Australia 6. SuDS Management Train
[email protected] (05/21) Source: CIRIA (2005)
SuDS Management Train 7. SuDS in Drainage Network Model
[email protected] (06/21) Porous car park Swale
Pond A typical development site model 8. How many different
options? [email protected] (07/21) No. of
options = No. of feasible SuDS techniques ^ No. of Location = 51 =
5 Simple calculation example: Say, after an initial analysis of a
development site, there is ONE suitable location for SuDS. For this
location, there are FIVE feasible choices of SuDS. How many
different design options? 9. How many more options?
[email protected] (08/21) Second calculation
example: Now consider THREE suitable locations for SuDS and FIVE
feasible choices of SuDS. How many different design options now?
No. of options = No. of feasible SuDS techniques ^ No. of Location
= 53 = 125 10. Can it get more complicated?
[email protected] (09/21) Solution Brute Force?
Optimisation Smart Rules Parallel Computing Yes! There are other
factors Sizing parameters Infiltration parameters Multiple
scenarios The search space is HUGE!! 11. Prototype Framework
[email protected] (10/21) Caveats: Simple
Muskingum Routing No backwater No flow control Simple Pollutant
Removal % Focus: Application prototyping Simple and easy to
understand Graphical Outputs 12. Optimisation Framework
[email protected] (11/21) Prototype SuDS
Treatment Train Optimisation Framework Optimisation Parameters,
Range and True Values SuDS Key Performance Indicators Graphical
Outputs Min. Max. Description of KPI Value SuDS Technique 1 to 16
10 1 16 Infiltration Basin Peak Flow at Outlet (m3/s) 2.73 Physical
Dimension 1 1 to 10 10 10 29 11.9 Total Storage Required (m3) 6187
Physical Dimension 2 1 to 10 34 19 26 21.4 Time to Reach Peak Flow
(min) 238 Physical Dimension 3 1 to 10 62 2 5 3.7 Total Nitrogen
6.75 Inflitration % (Side) 1 to 10 67 0 25 16.8% Total Phosphorus
8.52 Inflitration % (Base) 1 to 10 16 0 25 4.0% Total Suspended
Solids 5.70 SuDS Technique 1 to 16 1 1 16 Pervious Pavements
Hydrocarbons 10.78 Physical Dimension 1 1 to 10 59 10 33 23.6 Heavy
Metals 5.45 Physical Dimension 2 1 to 10 25 6 43 15.3 Faecal
Coliforms 18.56 Physical Dimension 3 1 to 10 20 1 3 1.0 SuDS 1 WLC
( at 2012 value) 175,620 Inflitration % (Side) 1 to 10 14 0 25 3.5%
SuDS 2 WLC ( at 2012 value) 225,519 Inflitration % (Base) 1 to 10
25 0 25 6.3% SuDS 3 WLC ( at 2012 value) 317,955 SuDS Technique 1
to 16 13 1 16 Stormwater Wetlands Total WLC ( at 2012 value)
719,093 Physical Dimension 1 1 to 10 95 19 26 25.7 Physical
Dimension 2 1 to 10 74 9 36 29.0 Other Measurements Physical
Dimension 3 1 to 10 48 1 3 1.7 Inflitration % (Side) 1 to 10 94 0
25 23.5% Description of KPI Value Inflitration % (Base) 1 to 10 91
0 25 22.8% SuDS 1 Total Surface Area (m2 ) 254 SuDS 2 Total Surface
Area (m2 ) 359 Optimisation Objectives and Penalty Function SuDS 3
Total Surface Area (m2 ) 743 Total Surface Area (m2 ) 1,357 Type
Objective Value SuDS 1 Land Value ( at 2012 value) 31,803
Hydraulics Maximise -0.29% SuDS 2 Land Value ( at 2012 value)
89,861 Costs Minimise 719,093 SuDS 3 Land Value ( at 2012 value)
130,084 Penalty Cost Avoid 40,951,441,427.47 Total Land Value ( at
2012 value) 251,747 Background Calculations - Optimisation
Contraints and Penalty Costs Other Controls Level Penalty Cost
Description of KPI Settings 2.5 9,358,715,432.56 Hydraulics Flow
Calculation Method (Choose) Muskingum 5000 23,744,725,994.91 180
0.00 10 0.00 10 0.00 10 0.00 10 7,848,000,000.00 10 0.00 No
Constraint 50 0.00 50 0.00 50 0.00 100 0.00 100 0.00 100 0.00 40
0.00 40 0.00 40 0.00 allowed No Constraint allowed No Constraint
allowed No Constraint 40,951,441,427.47 Hydraulics Land Value
Pollutant Concentration at Outlet (mg/L) Whole Life Cost Location 1
True Value Range Description Optimsation Range Optimisation Value
ContraintsDescription of KPI True Value SuDS 1 - Dimension 2 (m)
Total Suspended Solids Hydrocarbons SuDS 1 - Dimension 1 (m) should
be Inflow (SuDS 3) Final Outflow at Outlet Peak Flow Constraint 0 5
10 15 20 25 30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Volume(m3) Duration
(Minutes) Storage Requiredat Various Stages of SuDS TreatmentTrain
Storage (Connection 1) Storage (SuDS 1) Storage (Connection 2)
Storage (SuDS 2) Storage (Connection 3) Storage (SuDS 3) Storage
(TOTAL) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Total
Suspended Solids Hydrocarbo ns Heavy Metals Pollutant Concentration
(mg/L) Concentration (Inlet) Concentration (Regulation Targets)
Concentration (Outlet) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000
600,000 SuDS1 SuDS2 SuDS3 Cost Summary CAPEX OPEX (over 50 years)
Land Value Whole Life Cost (over 50 years) Final Outflow Total
Storage Final Pollutant Conc. Costs 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0
50 100 150 200 250 300 Flow(m3/s) Duration (Minutes) Flow Rate at
Various Stages of SuDS TreatmentTrain Inflow (Connection1) Outflow
(Connection 1) -> Inflow (SuDS 1) Outflow (SuDS1) -> Inflow
(Connection 2) Outflow (Connection 2) -> Inflow (SuDS 2) Outflow
(SuDS 2) -> Inflow (Connection 3) Outflow (Connection 3) ->
Inflow (SuDS 3) Final Outflow at Outlet Peak Flow Constraint 0 5 10
15 20 25 30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Volume(m3) Duration (Minutes)
Storage Requiredat Various Stages of SuDS TreatmentTrain Storage
(Connection 1) Storage (SuDS 1) Storage (Connection 2) Storage
(SuDS 2) Storage (Connection 3) Storage (SuDS 3) Storage (TOTAL) 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Total Suspended
Solids Hydrocarbo ns Heavy Metals Pollutant Concentration (mg/L)
Concentration (Inlet) Concentration (Regulation Targets)
Concentration (Outlet) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000
600,000 SuDS1 SuDS2 SuDS3 Cost Summary CAPEX OPEX (over 50 years)
Land Value Whole Life Cost (over 50 years) Final Outflow Total
Storage Final Pollutant Conc. Costs 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0
50 100 150 200 250 300 Flow(m3/s) Duration (Minutes) Flow Rate at
Various Stages of SuDS TreatmentTrain Inflow (Connection1) Outflow
(Connection 1) -> Inflow (SuDS 1) Outflow (SuDS1) -> Inflow
(Connection 2) Outflow (Connection 2) -> Inflow (SuDS 2) Outflow
(SuDS 2) -> Inflow (Connection 3) Outflow (Connection 3) ->
Inflow (SuDS 3) Final Outflow at Outlet Peak Flow Constraint 0 5 10
15 20 25 30 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Volume(m3) Duration (Minutes)
Storage Requiredat Various Stages of SuDS TreatmentTrain Storage
(Connection 1) Storage (SuDS 1) Storage (Connection 2) Storage
(SuDS 2) Storage (Connection 3) Storage (SuDS 3) Storage (TOTAL) 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Total Suspended
Solids Hydrocarbo ns Heavy Metals Pollutant Concentration (mg/L)
Concentration (Inlet) Concentration (Regulation Targets)
Concentration (Outlet) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000
600,000 SuDS1 SuDS2 SuDS3 Cost Summary CAPEX OPEX (over 50 years)
Land Value Whole Life Cost (over 50 years) Final Outflow Total
Storage Final Pollutant Conc. Costs Least Cost Acceptable
Performance Most expensive Best Performance 21. Exploring the
Trade-off [email protected] (20/21) How about
more objectives? Parallel coordinates Cost Performance Social
Impact Risk etc 22. Summary & Future Works
[email protected] (21/21) Future Works More
objectives and trade-off Social Impact Potential Flood Risk &
Consequence Carbon Cost More real data More discussion with
practitioners Integration with commercial software Summary
Motivation Better decision support for drainage design Prototype
DSS for SuDS selection GANetXL Demo: Trade-off between Hydraulic
Performance and Whole Life Cost 23. The End
[email protected] Danke! STREAM: www.stream-idc.net
Twitter: @microdrainage Blog: pipedup.wordpress.com GANetXL:
http://emps.exeter.ac.uk/engineering/research/cws/resourc
es/ganetxl/ 24. Supplementary Slides
[email protected] Percentage Removal Table (CIRIA)
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower
Upper Pervious Pavements 60 95 70 90 50 80 65 80 60 95 Green Roofs
60 95 60 90 Bioretention 50 80 50 80 50 60 40 50 50 90 Sand and
Organic Filters 80 90 50 80 50 80 25 40 40 50 50 80 Grassed Filter
Strips 50 85 70 90 10 20 10 20 25 40 Grassed Swales (Dry) 70 90 70
90 30 80 50 90 80 90 Grassed Swales (Wet) 60 80 70 90 25 35 30 40
40 70 Infiltration Trench / Soakaway 70 80 60 80 25 60 60 90 60 90
Filter Drains 50 85 30 70 50 80 Infiltration Basin 45 75 60 70 55
60 85 90 Extended Detention Ponds 65 90 30 60 20 50 20 30 50 70 40
90 Wet Ponds 75 90 30 60 30 50 30 50 50 70 50 80 Stormwater
Wetlands 80 90 50 80 30 40 30 60 50 70 50 60 On-/Off-line Storage 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oil Separator 0 40 40 90 0 5 0 5 Others
(Product-specific) SuDS Technique Percentage removal of pollutants
of concern TSS Hydrocarbons Total Phosphorous Total Nitrogen Faecal
coliforms Heavy Metals 25. Supplementary Slides
[email protected] Urban Stormwater Concentration
