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Efforts for ‘Opening up of Access to Research Outputs’ in India
Sridhar GutamConvener, Open Access India
15 Sept 2014, FAO Rome
Science and Technology System
Source: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/international/offices/officeinindia/links/
Union Budget for S & T(allocations in millions of rupees)
2013–14 2014–15Department of Atomic Energy 98330 104460Department of Health Research 10080 10177Department of Science and Technology 31843 35440Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 35710 37072Department of Biotechnology 15020 15172Department of Space 67920 72380Department of Agricultural Research and Education 57290 61440Ministry of Earth Sciences 16900 16990Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 15340 9560
Source: http://www.nature.com/news/first-modi-budget-spells-austerity-for-indian-science-1.15542
Scholarly ArticlesSl. No.
Country DocumentsCitable
documentsCitations Self-Citations
Citations per
DocumentH index
1 United States 7,846,972 7,281,575 152,984,430 72,993,120 22.02 1,518
2 China 3,129,719 3,095,159 14,752,062 8,022,637 6.81 436
3United Kingdom 2,141,375 1,932,907 37,450,384 8,829,739 19.82 934
4 Germany 1,983,270 1,876,342 30,644,118 7,966,777 17.39 815
5 Japan 1,929,402 1,874,277 23,633,462 6,832,173 13.01 694
6 France 1,421,190 1,348,769 21,193,343 4,815,333 16.85 742
7 Canada 1,110,886 1,040,413 18,826,873 3,580,695 20.05 725
8 Italy 1,083,546 1,015,410 15,317,599 3,570,431 16.45 654
9 India 868,719 825,025 5,666,045 1,957,907 8.83 341
10 Spain 857,158 800,214 10,584,940 2,629,669 15.08 531
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
Scholarly Articles – Year WiseYear Documents Citable Documents % International
Collaboration % World
2000 23,776 23,237 14.97 1.91
2001 24,761 24,052 12.97 1.85
2002 26,841 25,928 13.26 1.93
2003 31,323 29,819 18.02 2.16
2004 34,623 32,925 18.95 2.17
2005 36,611 34,669 18.99 2.18
2006 45,979 43,596 19.02 2.40
2007 50,889 48,126 19.49 2.53
2008 58,162 54,941 18.66 2.74
2009 65,995 62,523 18.14 2.97
2010 78,226 73,924 17.07 3.32
2011 95,142 89,576 16.12 3.79
2012 102,881 96,841 16.18 3.99
2013 106,029 98,968 16.49 4.13
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=IN
Availability and Accessibility(of IARI publications)
• Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed journals, only 19 (9%) were open access journals indexed in DOAJ18. Additionally, 14% of the published articles could be found on Eprints@IARI. Thus, up to 23% of the published literature is available and accessible to the public.
• The percentage of articles available in CeRA was 69%. This shows that a little more than 30% of the articles published were not available to the researchers in CeRA, a closed consortium model that makes articles available through subscription to NARS constituents. Through CeRA, 78% of the full texts were available online and the rest were available through a document delivery system. This means that nearly 20% of the articles from IARI were only available in print form and were not in electronic format.
• These figures represent results from the years 2008–2010 only; we may presume a different picture for articles published when IARI first began. However, under the projects e-Granth and E-PKSAR of NAIP, which are encouraging back issue digitization, researchers may get some relief, as many of the old journal articles are being made available in open and electronic form.
The Right to Information Act, 2005
“An Act to provide for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto”.Citation Act No. 22 of 2005
Territorial extent Whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir
Enacted by Parliament of IndiaDate enacted 15-June-2005Date assented to 22-June-2005Date commenced 13-October-2005
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act
Open Access
• Means unrestricted online access to peer-reviewed scholarly research (also theses, book chapters, and scholarly monographs).
• Comes in two degrees: – gratis open access, which is free online access– libre open access, which is free online access plus
some additional usage rights (granted through use of Creative Commons licenses).
Only libre open access is fully compliant with definitions of open access such as the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access
Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001
• Public statement of principles relating to open access to the research literature. • Conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001• to promote open access – at the time also known as Free Online Scholarship. • Recognized as one of the major historical, and defining, events of the open access
movement. • On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the initiative (2012), recommended "the new
goal that within the next ten years, OA will become the default method for distributing new peer-reviewed research in every field and country”.
Definition of open access : By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.
Timeline – OA in IndiaMay
2006
• National Institute of Technology, Rourkela - OA MandateNov
2006
• Bangalore Declaration - National OA Policy for Developing CountriesJan 200
7
• National Knowledge Commission Open Access Feb 200
9
• CSIR - Group for Open Access to Science Publications June
2009
• UGC mandate - submission of ETDs
Mar 2012
• National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy
Aug 2013
• National Repository of Open Educational Resources
Sept 2013
• ICAR Open Access Policy
Oct 2013
• UNESCO Strengthening Open Access in India
July 2014
• DBT DST Open Access Policy (draft)
Adapted from, Open Access to Scholarly Literature in India — A Status Report by Prof. Subbiah Arunachalam and Madhan Muthu (2011)
Significant OA Policies and Mandates
• ICRISAT Open Access Policy Mandate• CSIR Open Access Mandate• ICAR Open Access Policy• DST-DBT Open Access Policy (draft)
• Proposals for…– National Mandate on Open Access in India– Inclusive Open Access
ICAR Open Access Policy
ICRISAT Open Access Repository
Berlin Declaration Signatories - India
• Indian National Science Academy (5th Sept. 2004.
• Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India(2nd Sept. 2011)
• Agricultural Research Service Scientists’ Forum (18th May 2012)
India - DOAJ and ROAR
• Articles– Brazil (328693)– United Kingdom (183276)– United States (102136)– India (88587)
• Journals– 594 (89 CC-BY; 252 No APCs)
• Repositories– 95 (104)
ICAR - NARS Open Access
ICAR - NARS Open Access
MOOCs Massive Open Online Courses
• Under the SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-learning for Young Aspiring Minds) Programme, professors of centrally funded universities like Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and central universities will offer online courses
Caution!!
• “Fake open-access journals flourish in India: Science”
– The Hindu
• “The policy (of DBT-DST), therefore, has the potential to have a significant negative effect on India’s economy”
– The Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers
The Protection and Utilization of Public Funded Intellectual Property
Bill, 2008• Highlights
– To provide incentives for creating and commercializing intellectual property from public funded research.
– Requires the scientist who creates an intellectual property to immediately inform the research institution.
• Arguments against (The Centre for Internet & Society)– May lead to commercialize all government-funded research
literature and may hamper the movement for open access to scholarly literature.
– Exclusive licensing enables restriction on the dissemination of academic research in the marketplace, and increase in cost of products based on public-funded research.
Alternate Metrics
• San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment– “Do not use journal-based metrics, such as Journal Impact
Factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of individual research articles, to assess an individual scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions”
• Altmetric.com• ImpactStory
DST – DBT on Metrics
• “The DBT/DST affirms the principle that the intrinsic merit of the work, and not the title of the journal in which an author’s work is published....”
• “DBT/DST does not recommend the use of journal impact factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of individual research articles, to assess an individual scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions”.
Source: dbtindia.nic.in/docs/DST-DBT_Draft.pdf
NAAS Scoring of Scientific Journals
• “…a need was felt in the Academy for critically assessing the published work of the nominees for the Fellowship/Associateship and for developing a transparent and quantifiable mechanism that avoids arbitrariness in assessment”.
• “Accordingly, the Academy initiated a process of rating/scoring of scientific research journals…”
Source: http://naasindia.org/
Next Steps??
• Active contribution to AIMS, CIARD, GODAN, OKFN, data.gov.in & DataMeet.
• Forging alliances with other CoP.• Establishment of Scholarly repository• National mandate on Open Access in India• Inclusive Open Access• Alternate metrics
Open Access India
• Contributes to the activities/initiatives of– AIMS, CIARD, GODAN, OKFN & DataMeet
• Conveners– Sridhar Gutam & Barnali Roy Choudhury
• Facebook Group– 6922 members (https://www.facebook.com/groups/oaindia/)
• WordPress Blog– 5,383 hits Since Dec 27, 2012
(http://oaindia2013.wordpress.com/)• Facebook Page
– 646 likes (https://www.facebook.com/oaindia)• Twitter
– 389 followers (https://twitter.com/OpenAccessIndia)
