PART II

CONTEMPORARYWORLD POLITICS

ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES

Environmental and Natural Environmental and Natural Resources examines the Resources examines the growing significance of growing significance of

environmental as well as environmental as well as resources issues in world resources issues in world

politics.politics.

Environmental Concerns in Global Environmental Concerns in Global PoliticsPolitics

Decline of AgricultureAccess of WaterNatural ForestsOzone holeCoastal pollution

ACCESS OF WATER

NATURAL FORESTS

OZONE HOLE

COASTAL POLLUTION

THE PROTECTION OF THE PROTECTION OF GLOBAL COMMONSGLOBAL COMMONS

Co-Operation over the global commons Co-Operation over the global commons is not easy.is not easy.

Antarctic Treaty, Montreal Protocol Antarctic Treaty, Montreal Protocol and the Antarctic Environmental and the Antarctic Environmental Protocol.Protocol.

The benefit exploitative activities in The benefit exploitative activities in outer space are far from being equal outer space are far from being equal either for the present or future either for the present or future generations.generations.

GLOBAL COMMONS:eg:-RIVER

COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITESRESPONSIBILITES

Different approach to environment between Different approach to environment between the countries of the North and the South.the countries of the North and the South.

Ecological degradation in the world is the Ecological degradation in the world is the product of industrial development under product of industrial development under taken by the developed countries.taken by the developed countries.

COMMON PROPERTY COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCESRESOURCES

Common Property represents common Common Property represents common property for the group.property for the group.

Privatisation , agricultural intensification Privatisation , agricultural intensification population growth and ecosystem population growth and ecosystem degradation have caused common degradation have caused common property to dwindle in size, quality and property to dwindle in size, quality and availability to the poor in much of the availability to the poor in much of the world.world.

ENVIRONMENTAL MOMEMENTSENVIRONMENTAL MOMEMENTS

Movements raise new ideas and long term versions of what we should do Movements raise new ideas and long term versions of what we should do and what should not be do in our individual and collective lives.and what should not be do in our individual and collective lives.

The forest movements of the South in Mexico , Chile , are faced with The forest movements of the South in Mexico , Chile , are faced with enormous pressures.enormous pressures.

The mineral industry is one of the most powerful forms of industry on the The mineral industry is one of the most powerful forms of industry on the planet.planet.

Another group of movements are those involved in struggles against Another group of movements are those involved in struggles against mega-dams.mega-dams.

These environmental movements are amongst the most diverse and These environmental movements are amongst the most diverse and powerful social movements across the globe today.powerful social movements across the globe today.

Narmada Bachao is one of the best known of these movements.Narmada Bachao is one of the best known of these movements.

RESOURCE GEOPOLITICSRESOURCE GEOPOLITICS Resource geopolitics is all about who get what ,when Resource geopolitics is all about who get what ,when where and how.where and how. North adopted a number of methods to ensure a steady North adopted a number of methods to ensure a steady flow of resources.flow of resources. The global economy relied on oil for much of the 20The global economy relied on oil for much of the 20thth century as a portable and indispensable fuel.century as a portable and indispensable fuel. Water is another crucial resource that is relevant to Water is another crucial resource that is relevant to global politics.global politics. A Countries that share rivers and many countries do A Countries that share rivers and many countries do share rivers are involved in military conflicts with each share rivers are involved in military conflicts with each other.other.

OIL-REFINERY

MINERAL INDUSTRY

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THEIR RIGHTS

Indigenous people today live more in conformity with their particular social economic and cultural customs and traditions than the institutions of the country of which they now form a part.

Indigenous people speak of their struggles their agenda and their rights.

The world views of indigenous societies , irrespective of their geographical location are strikingly similar with respect to land and the variety of life systems supported it.

In India indigenous people is usually applied to the Scheduled Tribes who constitute nearly eight percent of the population of the country.

The indigenous communities have been neglected in domestic and international politics for very long.

The World Council of indigenous peoples was formed in 1975. Many of the movements against globalisation have focused on the

rights of the indigenous people.