The Importance of The Importance of Science and Science and

ResearchResearch

The Importance of The Importance of ScienceScience

There have been many scientists that have made contributions to science that have changed our lives:

Nicholas Copernicus = The Sun is at the center of our solar system.

Sir Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and more Marie Curie = Created a theory of radioactivity Louis Pasteur = Bacteria is killed by heat and

disinfectants. Rosalind Franklin = Discovered the structure of

DNA

If Science was not If Science was not Around…Around…

•We would still think that the world was flat.•The light bulb wouldn’t have been invented. •We wouldn’t have landed on the Moon. •We wouldn’t have the cure for many diseases.•We wouldn’t have cell phones or computers.•We wouldn’t have tires, engines, heating and

cooling for homes, or electricity.

If Science was not If Science was not Around, What Else Around, What Else

Would We not Have? Would We not Have?

Think about how research and science have affected your life. List five objects or ideas that are now available in our life-time that

affect you.

(Please do not include television, computers, or cell phones- think beyond these obvious

choices.)

Scientific Method – Scientific Method – Start with an Idea Start with an Idea

•Scientists start with an idea that can be researched to learn more about the topic.

•Scientists then develop their findings into a problem for experimentation.

•Your assignment: Topic: Water Filtration Research water filtration. Acquire enough information to develop a

problem for experimental research.Create a hypothesis based on your research.Design an experiment to test your

hypothesis.

Materials

•Keep an accurate list of all materials and equipment used. Include:▫Correct name of materials and equipment

▫Quantity, volume, and size of materials and equipment

Procedures

•You will be following some steps as

you work on your experimental

design.

•All of the steps are not completed in

order- sometimes, you’ll need to cycle

back to an earlier step.•You will write your own procedures specific to your experiment.

•Be thorough and exact!

DataData•Collect data in your lab

notebook.

•A data table is an organized way

to record information about your

results.

•Graphs are generated from the

information in your data table.

Conclusion•Tell about what you learned.•Did your experiment go the way you thought it would? Was your hypothesis supported? Why or why not?

•What would you do differently next time? Were there errors in your experiment?

•What impact could your findings have on others?

Lab Write-Up

•You will complete a lab

report to share your

results with others.•Take good notes as you experiment!!!

Why does it matter?

Water Filtration Water Filtration SystemsSystems

•Are you concerned about the quality of the water coming out of your faucet?

•Do you ever really think about water quality?

•According to the Environmental Protection Agency, more than 90% of the water supply in the United States is safe to drink.

• This is not the case in many countries around the world.

• South America, Central America, India, Africa, and parts of Asia all have a large percent of their population with no access to appropriate water.

• The map below shows the percentage of population with access to safe water by country. (Data from 2010)

•What might cause water to be unsafe to drink?

•Are there some countries that are more susceptible to pollution than others?

•Why?

• How do you think a filter works?

• On a very basic level, the process of filtration involves the flow of water through a granular bed of sand, or another suitable media, at a low speed.

• The media retains most solid matter while permitting the water to pass.

• The permeability of the material determines how quickly or efficiently the water will pass. Permeability is the capability of a porous rock or sediment to permit the flow of fluids through its pore spaces.

• More porous materials have the ability to retain greater quantities of sediment due to their ability to hold water.

What does a water filter do?

• Water’s viscosity allows it to pass quickly through the medium, removing solid particles from the solutions you will make in class.

• Percolation is usually repeated through several layers to reduce the number of total suspended solids - TSS.

• Water that is filtered several times will be less turbid than water filtered only once, although you may need a microscope to see the particles.

What does a water filter do?

• TDS –Total dissolved solids refers to the total amount of all inorganic and organic substances – including minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions – that are dispersed within a volume of water.

• Purified water has been mechanically filtered or processed to be cleaned for consumption.

• The filters you will design and use in class will not make the water potable.

What does a water filter do?

• What are some ways you can think of?

• Which of these uses would require the water to have gone through some type of filtration?

• Which use do you think requires the highest level of purity?

• Human consumption• Washing clothes or

dishes• Bathing• In a garden• Washing a car• For industrial use• For medical use

Why do we need to filter

water?Think about ways water is used on a

daily basis.

• Reflect for a moment on what you have learned about physical properties.

• Which of the physical properties are important to consider?

• Physical properties include, but are not limited to:color, size, shape, texture, density, flexibility, conductivity, magnetism, opacity, mass, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, polarity, and state.

What are the physical properties of a material that would make it

useful as a filter?

• Your team will be working cooperatively, collaborating to design and test a water filtration system.

• You will use your knowledge of science and math with your creativity to design a water filtration system that can clean contaminated water by removing particulate matter and color. It also needs to filter the water in a reasonable

amount of time (efficiently).

What now?