FINDING PAST (DINOSAUR)RMS JINNAH CAMPUS GUJRAT

GRADE 2

Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles with a set of physical features that are different from those of all other reptiles. They include extinct animals we know from fossils and the birds we see today. The extinct animals we normally think of as dinosaurs had their heyday in the Mesozoic. The word ‘dinosaur’ means ‘terrible lizard’ in Greek.

WHAT ARE DINOSAURS

WHAT ARE DINOSAURS

Hole in skull between eye socket and nostril

Two holes in skull behind eye socket

Ankle that bends in single plane like a hinge

Hip socket with hole in center

Limbs held directly under the body

Three or more sacral(located near pelvis) vertebrae

PHYSICAL FEATURES

PHYSICAL FEATURES

Just like a family tree shows your ancestors and present-day relatives, an evolutionary tree shows how dinosaurs are related to other groups of animals and to each other. Dinosaurs (those that are extinct and living birds) are part of the evolutionary tree of amniotes. The first amniotes were primitive four-legged reptiles from which all other reptiles and mammals evolved. One branch of early reptiles led to the archosaurs – the group that includes dinosaurs, crocodiles and pterosaurs. Dinosaurs themselves are split into two main groups based on their hip structure, and then smaller branches based on other shared features.

MEET THE FAMILY

The oldest known relative of the dinosaurs is a dog-sized four-legged animal called Asilisaurus kongwe, that lived about 240 million years ago. The fossil bones of at least 14 individuals were discovered in Tanzania. Asilisaurus belonged to the group of animals called silesaurs, which were closely related to dinosaurs. Silesaurs continued to live alongside dinosaurs until near the end of the Triassic, about 200 million years ago. These fossils show that the dinosaur lineage had already split from dinosaur-like relatives by at least 240 million years.

EARLY DINOSAUR RELATIVES

When dinosaurs first appeared in the Middle Triassic, about 230 million years ago, they were simply another group of small reptiles in a world full of reptiles. By the end of the Triassic they dominated life on land and would for another 140 million years, till the close of the Mesozoic.

THE RISE OF DINOSAURS

Dinosaurs Came in All Shapes and Sizes

TYPES

There are more then 700 species in the World.

SPECIES

TYPES

There are 15 major types of Dinosaurs

MAJOR TYPES OF DINOSAURS

Tyrannosaurus (ty·ran·no·saur·us) meaning "tyrant lizard king"

Simply known as T. rex

1. TYRANNOSAURS

Sauropods and Titanosaurs were the biggest dinosaurs ever.

2. SAUROPODS

Plant eating Dinosaurs

3. CERATOPSIANS (HORNED, FRILLED DINOSAURS)

a genus of dromaeosauridtheropod dinosaur that lived approximately 75 to 71 million years ago

4. RAPTORS

a heavily armored dinosaur with a large club-like protrusion at the end of its tail. Ankylosaurus means "fused lizard" in Greek

5. ANKYLOSAURS (ARMORED DINOSAURS)

feathered dinosaur

6. DINO-BIRDS

The “duck-billed” dinosaurs

7. HADROSAURS

a group of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs

8. ORNITHOMIMIDS ("BIRD MIMIC" DINOSAURS)

The Ornithopoda are a group of medium to large plant-eating dinosaurs. They include one of the earliest discovered dinosaurs

9. ORNITHOPODS

(Bone-Headed Dinosaurs)

an unusually small family of dinosaurs with an unusually high entertainment value

10. PACHYCEPHALOSAURS

Lizard Footed Form

11. PROSAUROPODS

small-to-medium-sized, small-brained herbivores were characterized by the double rows of plates and spikes along their backs and the sharp spikes on the ends of their tails

12. STEGOSAURS (SPIKED, PLATED DINOSAURS)

'to reap' or 'to cut off' and "sauros" meaning 'lizard‘

It could grow up to 10 meters (33 feet) long and reach 5 tonnes in weight.

13. THERIZINOSAURS

Wild Beast

14. ASSORTED THEROPODS

the last surviving group of long necked dinosaurs

15. TITANOSAURS

The last dinosaurs died approximately 65 million years ago

There are many theories about why and how Dinosaurs became Extinct

WHY THEY BECOME EXTINCT?

Asteroid Theory

Volcanic activity

Ice Age Theory

Disease

Gradually changed in climate

Competition from Other Animals

New Discoveries (strange ideas)

WHY THEY BECOME EXTINCT?

THEORIES

THEORIES

Let’s clear something up right away. Dinosaurs aren’t extinct. Not entirely. Every magpie, pigeon, penguin, and ostrich alive today – every single bird – is a dinosaur. They’re all descendants of small, toothy, feathery dinosaurs that hopped and fluttered around from the Jurassic era onwards, meaning that birds are dinosaurs in the same way that bats are mammals.

CONCLUSION