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Geopimed Course on "Implementation of GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) in Mediterranean Climate II (2nd part)" taught by Aniol Esquerra from Ecoserveis during the first Geopimed meeting held in Barcelona in March 2014.
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Implementation of GSHP in Mediterranean Climate Part II GSHP in detail
Brainstorming
Conclusions
Collaborations
We are not alone!
Regeocities www.regeocities.eu
Same objectives
Same target groups
Co-funded for EU
GroundMed www.groundmed.eu
Technical Guidelines
Geotrainet Training online
Partners & Target Group
Country and
Partner
City or Region
Spain (AIDICO
and UPV)
Region: Valencia region, Galician región City: Valencia
France (BRGM) Region Centre City: Orleans
Deliverables
Report with laws and regulation in Europe
Report with national laws Spain
France
Good practice document
Consolidated Database of new GSHP
Free courses and seminars
More
GroundMed
GroundMed
Partners
GroundMed
Objective:
Demonstrate SPF5 for Mediterranean climate
Resources
Demosites
Technical Guidelines
Monitoring Data
Technical Issues
Overview
Exterior Circuit
Heat Pump
Interior Circuit
Optimization Strategies
Overview
Exterior Circuit BHE - Drilling External Pump
HP Technology Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
Interior Circuit HVAC Internal Pump Buffer Tank
Optimization Strategies Monitoring Temperature Compensation Geocooling
Decoupling Tank Variable Speed Pumps PCM Tank
Overview
BHE - Drilling
Types HE
Open Loop
Closed Loop
Horizontal
Vertical
BHE - Drilling
Types of drills
Rotation
Hammer
Others (Laser, Plasma,…)
BHE - Drilling
Rotation Pneumatic Machine
Need of consolidated well
Speed 30m/d
Uses air with foam to extract rocks
Mud Extraction Soft Subsoil
High Speed 20m/h
Risk of polluting underground water with mud
Cheap
BHE - Drilling
Hammer
Pneumatic hammer Fast speed
For hard rocks
No risk for underground water
Sonic hammer Less residue
Not really extended yet
Expensive
BHE - Drilling
Mud Extraction
BHE - Drilling
Considerations
Consolidate well
Inserting sand, concrete or bentonite
U-Pipes – HDPE
BHE - Drilling
Balance Heat and Cooling
BHE - Drilling
Balance Heat and Cooling
External Pump
HP Technology
Heat Pump Electrical
Gas
Compressor Single
Tandem
Inverter
Type Swing
Scroll
Refrigerant
Carnot
Refrigerant
Carnot
R22
R134a
R410a
Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchangers
Braze plate HE
Plate and Gasket HE
Heat Exchangers
Fouling and clogging
Internal Pump
Buffer Tank
Helps avoiding to use the HP irregularly.
HVAC
Low temperature!
Optimization Strategies
Select a low operating temperature for heating (35 -40 °C) Select a high operating temperature for cooling (8 –10 °C) If possible, use temperature compensated set points Consider heat pump capacity and capacity steps, consider
hybrid system Design the system carefully for a low total heating/cooling
load with some care to take for considering the balance between heating and cooling load for the ground source,
Design carefully the hydraulic system with an adapted control pump strategy to save energy because of auxiliary energy consumptions
Design BHE for high/low temperature, low pressure loss and low thermal resistance
Monitoring
Monitoring
Temperature Compensation
Temperature Compensation
Geocooling
Geocooling
Decoupling Tank
Optimal Water Flow Rate
Optimal Delta T
Variable Speed Pumps
Variable Speed Pumps
IC and EC Pumps
Optimization
PCM Tank
Phase Change Materials
To use it in peak loads
Avoid Expensive Tariff
Homework
Read GroundMed Guidelines
http://www.groundmed.eu/uploads/media/Deliverable_9.8_Design_Guides_rev2.pdf
Administrative Issues Laws and regulations Europe Spain & France Example: Stockholm Regeocities Data Base proposal
Europe
Initial Situation
Europe
Laws
Europe
Administrative procedure Realizing a geothermal project requires a
variety of different permits.
Complex, long, and sometimes unnecessary burdensome procedures can significantly delay project development and investment in the geothermal sector.
Though having several competent administrative bodies to assess an application for geothermal licenses is fair, a one stop-shop process should be the rule for each phase of a project.
Europe
Planning The RES Directive also requires member states to
recommend to all actors, in particular local and regional administrative bodies, to ensure equipment and systems are installed for the use heating and cooling from renewable energy sources when planning, designing, building and renovating residential (or industrial) areas.
Technical Specifications Member states should clearly define any technical
specifications which must be met by renewable energy equipment and systems, including SGE systems, in order to benefit from support schemes (Art. 13 (2) of the RES Directive).
Information and Training Lack of awareness and information as well as shortage of
skilled workers is one of the market failures preventing the further market uptake of SGE. Article 14 of the RES Directive addresses these issues.
Europe
Calculation of renewable information from heat pumps A heat pump is a device allowing the
transformation of heat from a lower temperature level to a higher one, by using external energy.
Promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings. EPB
Eco-design and energy labelling Heat pumps (including GSHP) are covered under
both Ecodesign and energy labelling legislation, which are two of the most effective policy tools in the area of energy efficiency.
France & Spain
National Building Codes France: Thermal Regulation of 2012 for new
constructions ( RT2012) give Maximal Consumption of primary energy for the heating, the domestic hot water, the cooling, the lighting and the auxiliaries.
Spain: in the Technical Code of Construction there are requirements related to renewable energies, exclusively for the production of hot water, in most of the case the option for fulfilling the requirement (60% of the HDW must be provided by renewable systems) is achieved by means of installing thermo-solar panels which are generally regulated with local laws, as for example the “Ordenanza Municipal de Captación Solar para Usos Térmicos”.
France & Spain
National Building Codes
France: Professionals considered that used calculation are not favorable to the GSHP. No specific goal for SGE.
Spain: Lack of clear specifications, only HW considered.
France & Spain
Tools
France & Spain
Summary
No monitoring is mandatory in both countries
France & Spain
Summary
France & Spain
Summary
France & Spain
National report
France: http://regeocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/REGEOCITIESFrenchReport_final.pdf
Spain: http://regeocities.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Spanish-National-report_October-2012_SP.pdf
Example: Stockholm
Online application for end-users
Regeocities resource
Laws and regulations for the city of Stockholm National legislation Borers sent the information that is required by law
SFS 1985:245 (drilling Protocol) to the geological national service so that they have the information from the probe
When installing a geothermal heat pump is necessary to notify the municipal panel However, the municipality may have ordinances that
prescribe that municipal authorization is also required for all of the installation for some of its parts where aspects should protect health or environmental.
Residents have the right to express their points of view if drilling is close to their property or if the system may interfere with the operation of their own geothermal systems.
Who can make the request online? Applicants wishing to apply for the registration of the
online installation must ensure that the installation complies with the following requirements:
Closed loop BHE 1 probing or drilling There are no other wells on the property All wells, including inclined probes, rest inside of limits of
the installation property It will give service to a single building The capacity of the installed heat pump is less than 20 kW
In the case that does not meet one of these requirements
it would be necessary to make the request by means of paper formats
Before filling the request
To obtain permission to drill in the city of Stockholm is required that:
The drilling company must be certified as Drillers by SITAC
The drilling and the installation must comply with the Guide "Normbrunn-07", a protocol where the steps are specified for a drilling
Consult to companies that install systems in the subsoil to prevent incidents through www.ledningskollen.se
At the same time the city of Stockholm sent their inquiries to: neighbors, if there is, express their opinion on installing Water, gas, telecommunications or distributors of district
companies to know the location of their systems in the area
Pulsa el boton Verde para marcar donde desee perforar
Línea de límites de la propiedad.
Sondeos
próximos
Step 1 – Localization of the well
After inserting a valid property without any BHE the user will be redirected to an interactive map
Si pulsa sobre un sondeo existente
en el mapa, podrá ver el nombre de
la propiedad, la profundidad y el
ángulo del sondeo.
Entrada dondeo
Punto central en sondeos
inclinados
Base de sondeo inclinado
Zona de influencia del sondeo
Zona de influencia de sondeos
próxomos
Localización desconocida de
sondeo
Permisos para edificiación en la
propiedad
Límites de la propiedad
Cuando usted planee el
sondeo deberá decidir la
profundidad y el ángulo
de perforación.
Usted recibirá la
longitud horizontal de
su sondeo (en caso de
que sea con angulo de
perforación) y las
coordenadas de su
punto de sondeo.
Su sondeo y su zona de influencia se
muestran en verde. El circulo rojo tiene un
radio de 10 metros y muestra la distancia
mínima permitida a un sondeo próximo. En el
caso de que la localización de su sondeo esté
muy próxima a otro sondeo cercano recibirá un
mensaje de error para que cambie la
ubicación.
Entrada dondeo
Punto central en sondeos
inclinados
Base de sondeo inclinado
Zona de influencia del sondeo
Zona de influencia de sondeos
próxomos
Localización desconocida de
sondeo
Permisos para edificiación en la
propiedad
Límites de la propiedad
Tanto la entrada del
sondeo como su
proyección en profundidad
deberán estar dentro de
los límites de la propiedad.
En caso contrario recibirá
un mensaje de error
advirtiendo sobre ello.
Entrada dondeo
Punto central en sondeos
inclinados
Base de sondeo inclinado
Zona de influencia del sondeo
Zona de influencia de sondeos
próxomos
Localización desconocida de
sondeo
Permisos para edificiación en la
propiedad
Límites de la propiedad
When placing the borehole correctly,
you will get a message saying that
this is a possible location for your
borehole.
Usted podra continuar su solicitud en este punto pulsando aqui.
Las infraestructuras subterraneas serán comprobadas una vez
enviada su solicitud.
Cuando el emplazamiento sea
correcto recibirá un mensaje
indicandoselo
Entrada dondeo
Punto central en sondeos
inclinados
Base de sondeo inclinado
Zona de influencia del sondeo
Zona de influencia de sondeos
próxomos
Localización desconocida de
sondeo
Permisos para edificiación en la
propiedad
Límites de la propiedad
Next steps in Stockholm regulations and laws GSHP
Size and capacity Refrigerant Pipes and collector Type of heat transfer Energy coverage
Driller and installer Certification number and contact
information Contact information is optional but makes
further steps easier
Contact information of the owner
Financial Issues
Investment
National Incentives
Insurances
Investment
SGE has to compete against aerothermal energy
Main problem, wells. BHE.
COP3 vs COP5
Lifespan
National Incentives
National Incentives
Insurances
In general, all stakeholders involved in the construction sector have their own civil damage insurance. This insurance could occasionally cover any damage or unsatisfactory work related to SGE installation.
Insurances
France has a dedicated system to cover the geological risk of not finding the resource for the ground water heat pumps systems.
Insurances
Citizen information
Misinformation
There is a little information regarding GSHP for the end user.
Almost all people think about deep geothermal energy and doesn’t know what’s SGE.
We must inform end user with understandable concepts.
Information
References
References
www.geopimed.eu
www.regeocities.eu
www.geotrainet.eu
www.groundmed.eu
www.igme.es
www.geoplat.org
www.googlenergy.org