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Harnessing the Potential of Accessibility Standards and Responsive Web Design Practices to Achieve Learning Interoperability on the Level of the User Interface Mohammad Al-Smadi, Vladimir Tomberg Image by courtesy of HuffPost Education G

Harnessing the Potential

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Harnessing the Potential of Accessibility Standards and Responsive Web Design Practices to Achieve Learning Interoperability on the Level of the User Interface Presentation in ICWL 2013, Kenting, Taiwan

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Page 1: Harnessing the Potential

Harnessing the Potential of Accessibility Standards and

Responsive Web Design Practices to Achieve Learning Interoperability

on the Level of the User Interface

Mohammad Al-Smadi, Vladimir Tomberg

Image by courtesy of HuffPost Education Group

Page 2: Harnessing the Potential

Abilities of conforming to Learning Standards

• Durability: no need for further redesigns or redevelopments even with new versions of the system

• Scalability: can it grow from small to large?• Affordability: is it affordable?• Interoperability: are information and services sharable

with other systems?• Reusability: can it be used within multiple contexts?• Manageability: is it manageable?• Accessibility: are the contents accessible and

deliverable from anywhere and anytime?

Page 3: Harnessing the Potential

General Learning Interoperability Framework

Page 4: Harnessing the Potential

Lack of Interoperability at the UI Level(Presentation Interoperability)

• Launching the learning content on the end-user devices causes different behaviors based on the such properties of the device and the web browser:• Width, height of the window, • Resizing state• Area of launching within the browser

Page 5: Harnessing the Potential

The first approach addressing mobile UI issues

Separate desktop and mobile versions of a web site in the mobile browser

Page 6: Harnessing the Potential

Current Best Practices – Responsive Web Design (RWD)

• Using together several well-known technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• The basic methods are:1. Flexible images (CSS)2. Media queries (JavaScript)3. Fluid grids (JavaScript, CSS)

Page 7: Harnessing the Potential

From RWD to Adaptive Web Design

• The “Mobile First” principle (Minimum Viable Product Strategy)

• Progressive Enhancement versus Adaptive Degradation

Page 8: Harnessing the Potential

Concepts of interoperability on the UI level

Page 9: Harnessing the Potential

The Missing Part

Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1

W3C First Public Working Draft 26 September 2013

Page 10: Harnessing the Potential

WAI ARIA Code Example

<input type = "image" src = "thumbnail.gif" alt = "Effectiveness" role = "slider" aria-valuemin = "0" aria-valuemax = "100" aria-valuenow = "42" aria-valuetext = "42 percent" aria-labelledby = "effective">

Page 11: Harnessing the Potential

WAI ARIA Models and Semantics

Keyboard Navigation Roles

State & PropertiesLive Regions

Page 12: Harnessing the Potential

Advantages of using WAI ARIA

• The basic principles of Universal Design are covered − content by default is available for the widest audience

• Improved accessibility of learning content: all modern browsers and screen-reading devices already accessible today with WAI ARIA

Page 13: Harnessing the Potential

Extended Learning Interoperability Framework

Page 14: Harnessing the Potential

Advantages of the Framework

1. Establishing application domain semantics for common understanding

2. Consistent learning delivery through adaptive and flexible design of front-end, learning content, tools, and services

3. Additional layer of accessibility specifications enriched with semantics on the presentation level

4. Combining standard-conform technologies (WAI ARIA) with widely used best practices (RWD)