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March © 2016
From Technologies to Market
How EV/HEV drive the battery
technology development
From Technologies to Market
Dr. Milan ROSINA
Senior Analyst
2
OUTLINE
• Energy storage
• Battery applications
• EV/HEV as a driving force for other battery applications
• Synergies of EV/HEV and other battery applications
• Opportunities for innovative battery materials, components and technology solutions
• Conclusion
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
3
CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Why to focus on Li-ion battery?
Energy Storage
Mechanical
Pumped Hydro
Compressed Air
Flywheel
Chemical
Hydrogen
Electrochemical
Secondary Battery
Lead-Acid
Redox Flow
NiCd
NiMH
Li-Ion
Electrical
Supercapacitor
Superconducting Magnetic Coil
Thermal
Sensible Heat Storage
Latent Heat Storage
Electrochemical Heat Storage
• Rapidly growing market
• Competitive with other main battery technologies
• Growing number of involved players
• Large variety of applications
• Products available in the largest range of battery power and energy capacities
• Further development and deployment strongly driven by a huge automotive market
• Specific requirements on battery safety and cell management due to inherent properties of Li-ion chemistries
• …
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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VARIOUS BATTERY SIZES AND APPLICATIONS
The modularity of the battery size, power and energy capacities makes them easy to use in a large variety of applications. Wh
kWh
MWh
EV/HEV, rail, airplane, PV hybrid
inverters, auxiliary energy
supplies, UPS…
Large-size auxiliary power supply,
photovoltaics, wind energy, electricity
grid services…
Consumer
applications…©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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BATTERY = KEY FOR MANY APPLICATIONS
Battery is key for many applications: to achieve lower system costs or as technology and market enabler.
Renewables:• Solution for PV and wind intermittency
• Self consumption
EV/HEV:• Driving range / Vehicle cost
Grid:• Grid stabilization services
• Alternative solutions to grid extension and reinforcement
• Alternative to building new electricity plants
Building:• Grid independence
• Energy backup
• Better use of building-associated renewables
• Smart building “center” (Electricity supply-Battery-Usage)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION LEVELS
Different options to electrify vehicles (1/2)
There are different types of hybridization depending on the level of CO2
emission reduction.
SSV + µHEV
Mild HEV
Full HEV
Level of electrification
Plug in HEV (with EREV)
EV(BEV or FCV)
5 – 10%10 – 25%
25 - 40%
50 – 100%
100%
CO
2re
du
cti
on
ben
efi
t in
%
Toyota Prius
Honda Civic
Citroen C2
Mitsubishi Outlander
Nissan Leaf
Cars examples
(not exhaustive list)
Source: Yole Développement
CO2 reduction depending on level of electrification
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION LEVELS
Different options to electrify vehicles (2/2)
PHEV and BEV have the
largest batteries and
can be charged from
the grid.
FunctionsSSV +
µHEVMild HEV Full HEV
PHEV (with
EREV)
EV (BEV
or FCV)
Start/stop: stop engine
idle when a vehicle slows
down and comes to a stopX X X X X
Regenerative brakingX X X X
Additional power for a few
seconds (electric motor)X X X X
Additional power for mid
distance (city traffic)X X X
Power for long distance
(10 to 40 miles) X X X
Recharge battery on the
grid or with a generator X X
Energy savings 5-10%
(up to 25% in
city traffic)
10- 25% 25 – 50% 50 – 100% 100%
Electric power 3-8 kW 4 - 20 kW 30 - 75 KW 70 – 100 kW 70 – 100 kW
Car example PSA C2 Honda Civic Toyota Prius GM Volt Nissan Leaf
PHEV and BEV:
1. Large battery
2. Can be
charged from
the grid (high
electricity
demand)
3. Can be used
in a “reverse
mode” -V2G,
V2H…)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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BATTERY SIZE INCREASES TO REACH HIGHER DRIVING RANGE
• The car driving range (mileage) is increasing with the growing battery size and measures for improving efficiency.
• There is a clear trend towards larger battery energy capacity driven by decreased battery price and customer needs for higher electric mode driving range.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Driving range (NEDC) as a function of battery energy capacityDriving range (NEDC) as a function of battery energy capacity
Nissan LEAF
Renault Twizy
Mercedes SLS
AMG Coupé
Toyota RAV4EV
Tesla Model S
BYD E6Car sharing
and small
city cars
Big and luxury
BEV
Source: Yole Développement’s report: EV/HEV
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EV/HEV BATTERY BUSINESS DRIVES ALSO OTHER BUSINESSES
Companies involved in battery business for EV/HEV are looking for other applications.
Battery cell
manufacturersEV/HEV
manufacturers
Residential battery storage
systems
Battery + photovoltaics
Utility-scale battery
electricity storage systems
(BESS)
Battery + wind
Electro-mobility (buses…)
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
V2H, V2G
…Supplier of
battery pack
components
Battery
integrators /
EV/HEV
manufacturers
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HOW EV/HEV DEPLOYMENT POSITIVELY IMPACT RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
11
• Electrified vehicles can be seen as a way to relieve the grid when necessary (smart charging), but also as a mobile energy storagesystem:
• Price of investment for energy storage is nonexistent, as the user already paid for his battery inside the vehicle
• Moreover if the system is remunerated, it can be a way for the user to amortize the EV/PHEV invest
• Energy can be shifted to another place as the car moves
• Development of personal renewable energy is also a driver (maximum use of energy production tools)
• There are different types of “V2X systems” (Vehicle to X):
• V2G: Vehicle to Grid => Energy from the vehicle is re-injected on the grid
• V2H: Vehicle to Home =>Vehicle is plugged to the house in order to provide energy
• V2V: Vehicle toVehicle => Energy from one vehicle can be given to another (for instance in case of energy ruptures or isolation)
MORE THAN SMART CHARGING: V2X SYSTEMS
Electrified vehicles can be seen also as a energy storage
system.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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EV/HEV - THE STRONG DEMAND AND STRONG REQUIREMENTS ON BATTERIES
• Vanadium redox Flow Battery
• Iron-Chromium Battery
• Lead Acid
• Lead Advanced
• NaS
• Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd)
• Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
• Lithium Nickel CobaltAluminum Oxide (LCO)
• Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
• Lithium-Titanate battery
• Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP)
• Lithium-Sulfide
• Li-Air
• …
The focus on EV/HEV-compatible battery technologies will bring the largest variety of business opportunities.
Cell chemistry Application
Portable applications
Applications in transport
Stationary applications
EV/HEV battery
technology:
• Strong R&D
• Production scaling
• High performance
• Kg/kWh, kg/kW
• L/kWh, L/kW
• Lifetime
• Reliability
• Safety
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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BATTERY CELL: WE HAVE ENTERED A Li-ION BATTERY ERA…
• Li-ion batteries are taking over other batteries.
• And what beyond Li-ion batteries?
• If “beyond Li-ion“ technologies will not come soon, what are other ways to improve the batteryperformance, reliability and safety?
• Li-ion batteries are increasing their ESS market share, strongly driven by electric car industry.
• The alternatives to Li-ion batteries (with higher performance) are already under development.
2020201920182017201620152014201320122011
Flywheels, NaS batteries, NiMH batteries,
lead acid batteries, redox flow batteries
Lithium battery era
Lithium battery
alternatives?
.
.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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BATTERY PACK
• Beside energy flow management,and new battery cell chemistriesdevelopment, the efforts for batteryenergy storage technologyimprovements are focused on thebattery pack components.
• In some applications, such asbattery electric vehicle, the batterypack represents the highest part ofthe system costs.
• Battery pack as key element for:
• Performance
• Safety
Battery pack is very complex system and represents often a significant part of the system cost.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Example of a vehicle battery pack
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A LOT CAN BE IMPROVED AT THE BATTERY PACK LEVEL!
• Cost, weight, size
• Power / Energy capacity
• Battery management system
• Protection devices and solutions• Thermal management
• Even temperature distribution
• To maintain battery in the safe and highest performance temperature range
• Cooling, heating, thermal insulation
• Overvoltage and under-voltage protection
• Overcurrent protection
• …
• Electrical connections
• High reliability
• Highly automated / fast process compatible
• …
The battery pack represents many opportunities for the suppliers of innovative components and solutions.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
Images courtesy: Fraunhofer ILT, Dana, Multi-contact, ETI, AVL…
A lot of business opportunities!
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CONCLUSION
• Battery is the fastest growing energy storage technology. Amongst other advantages, their sizemodularity batteries suitable for many applications.
• The growing EV/HEV market will result in high volume production for battery cells. This will createopportunities for new applications which will benefit from the decreasing rechargeable battery cellcosts and strong battery R&D efforts.
• There are strong synergies in renewable energy sources, buildings, EV/HEV vehicles and electricity grid.Those applications are closely interlinked and battery electricity storage may be their key element.V2X business can provide an additional added value to the battery in EV/HEVs.
• There is a lot what can be improved regarding the battery pack components and assembly. Thisrepresents numerous opportunities for the companies developing innovative materials, componentsand technology solutions.
©2016 | www.yole.fr | How EV/HEV drive the battery technology development
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MEMS &
Sensors
LED
Compound
Semi.
Imaging Photonics
MedTech
Manufacturing
Advanced Packaging
Batteries / Energy
Management
Power
Electronics
FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Yole Développement’s 30 analysts operate in the following areas
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4 BUSINESS MODELS
o Consulting and Analysis
• Market data & research, marketing analysis
• Technology analysis
• Strategy consulting
• Reverse engineering & costing
• Patent analysis
www.yole.fr
o Reports
• Market & Technology reports
• Patent Investigation and patent infringement risk analysis
• Teardowns & Reverse Costing Analysis
• Cost Simulation Tool
www.i-Micronews.com/reports
o Financial services
• M&A (buying and selling)
• Due diligence
• Fundraising
• Maturation of companies
• IP portfolio management & optimization
www.yolefinance.com
www.bmorpho.com
o Media
• i-Micronews.com website
• @Micronews e-newsletter
• Communication & webcast services
• Events
www.i-Micronews.com
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A GROUP OF COMPANIES
Market,
technology and
strategy
consulting
www.yole.fr
M&A operations
Due diligences
www.yolefinance.com
Innovation and business maker
www.bmorpho.com
Manufacturing costs analysis
Teardown and reverse engineering
Cost simulation tools
www.systemplus.fr
IP analysis
Patent assessment
www.knowmade.fr
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SERVING THE ENTIRE SUPPLY CHAIN
Our analysts provide market
analysis, technology
evaluation, and business plan
along the entire supply
chain
Integrators and
end-users
Device
makers
Suppliers: material,
equipment, OSAT,
foundries…
Financial investors,
R&D centers
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CONTACT INFORMATION
Follow us on
• Consulting and Specific Analysis
• North America: Steve LaFerriere, Director of Northern America Business DevelopmentEmail: [email protected]
• Japan & Asia: Takashi Onozawa, Representative Director, Yole KKEmail: [email protected]
• RoW: Jean-Christophe Eloy, CEO & President, Yole DéveloppementEmail [email protected]
• Report business
• North America: Steve LaFerriere, Director of Northern America Business DevelopmentEmail: [email protected]
• Europe: Fayçal El Khamassi, Headquarter Sales Coordination & Customer Service Email: [email protected]
• Japan & Asia: Takashi Onozawa, Representative Director, Yole KK.Email: [email protected]
• Korea: Hailey Yang, Business Development Manager, Korean OfficeEmail: [email protected]
• Taiwan: Mavis Wang, Business Development DirectorEmail: [email protected]
• Financial services
• Jean-Christophe Eloy, CEO & PresidentEmail: [email protected]
• General
• Email: [email protected]
24
Biography & contact
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Milan ROSINA
• Dr Milan Rosina is a Senior Analyst at Yole Développement for Energy Conversion & Emerging Materials. Before joining Yole Développement, he worked as a research scientist and a project manager in the fields of photovoltaics, microelectronics and LED. He has more than 15 years scientific and industrial experience with prominent research institutions, an equipment maker and a utility company. Amongst his experience are new equipment and processes development, due diligences, technology and market surveys in in the fields of renewable energies, batteries and innovative materials and devices.
• Mail: [email protected]
