In Vivo Differentiation of Stem Cell and Their Progeny

Robert Lanza, MDVP Medical & Scientific Development

Advanced Cell Technology

Adjunct Professor

Institute of Regenerative Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

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Alzheimer’s

Dwarfism

Parkinson’s

Strokes

Epilepsy

Hemophilia

Kidney failure

Chronic pain

CancerInfertility

Burns

AIDS

Muscular dystrophy

ALS

Affective disorders

Macular degeneration

Hypoparathyroidism

Heart disease

Liver failure

Enzymatic defects

Diabetes

Osteoarthritis

Multiple sclerosis

Huntington’s

Hypocholesterolemia

Rheumatoid

arthritis

Atherosclerosis

Ulcers

Spinal cord

injuries

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Waiting List

Organs Transplanted

Stem cells are smart

• In vitro: Without the right environmental clues they don’t know whatwe want them to do. Left to their own devices in vitro, theydifferentiate into a hodgepodge of cell types – neurons, heating heartcells, ciliated epithelium, and even miniature “eyeballs”

• In vivo: Stem cells home towards damaged tissue where they caninitiate tissue regeneration. We need a better grasp of the roles playedby such chemical signals as insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), whichmay also take part in causing local cells to revert to a multipotent stateand begin differentiating into the required tissue types. Thisphenomena (epimorphic regeneration) underlies the ability of newts &zebrafish to regrow limbs and organs.

•Parkinson’s ($6 billion/yr)

•Stroke ($45 billion/yr)

•Spinal cord injury ($10 billion/yr)

•Epilepsy ($3 billion/yr)

•Alzheimer’s ($100 billion/yr)

•Multiple sclerosis ($10 billion/yr)

Generation of ES cells using parthenogenesis

WBC colony from cloned stem cells

•Cardiovascular disease costs the US $329 billion annually

~ Biodegradable scaffolds

~ Self-assembly

End-stage renal disease will cost US $1 trillion during the coming

decade

A few last thoughts

• Moving into the clinic – perhaps the damaged tissue area can do part

of the work for us

• More basic research – we need to better understand the in vivo factors

that control stem cell fate and repair

• Regenerative medicine’s ideal – to find a means to cause controlled

de- and trans- differentiation of cells in adult tissue. Will it ever be

possible to generate an environment that replicates the ability of newts

and zebra fish to regenerate tissue, to regrow entire limbs and organs?

•