Integrated Public Transport System SITP- Bogotá

Juan Pablo Bocarejo, PhDDirector Grupo de Estudios en sostenibilidad urbana y regional -SUR

Overview

1. SITP2. Where are we now3. Expected impacts4. Main challenges

1. SITP

• An integrated system including Transmilenio network (28% share) and buses in mixed traffic (72%)

• A centralized regulation (Transmilenio S.A)

• Contracts with strong bus companies

• Integrated fare system• ITS for operation optimization• Investment in terminals • A mixed retribution system to

operators

2. Where are we now

• Operation concessions awarded to 9 companies

• Technology concession awarded• Gradual and “calm” Implementation • Institutional strengthening• Financing and investments by private

companies

5

Assessing local impactsSITP Zones PM10 Concentration

3. Expected impacts

3. Expected impacts

Transportation model

Vehicle volumes

Modal distribution

Speed

Energy model

Modal distribution

Consumption factors

Available technology

Air Quality Model

VSP emissions

PM2.5 per link

Global emissions

Concentration model

Exposure model

Buit environment

Local emissions

Concentration of PM2.5

Noise model

Emission factor by type

of vehicle

Noise level

3. Expected Impacts

• Operation– Transmilenio Phase 3– Decrease in bus fleet– Efficiency and offer better

adapted to demand– Bus stops

Average travel time per trip -12%

In vehicle travel time -18%

Waiting /transfer time 25%

3. Expected Impacts

• Air quality– Euro IV buses replace 15

year old average– 5000 old buses scrapped– Ecodriving– Phase 3 Transmilenio

9

3. Expected impactsChange in emissions - PM2,5

10

3. Expected impactsChange in emissions – CO2

11

Wind pattern model(FLOW)

Built environment (Bogotá 3D)

Metereological Data

Area of simulation

Lagrange Model of

dispersion(DISPER)

Corridor emissions

Sources

CFD Model (VADIS)

3. Expected impacts

DustTrak

Continuous particle Monitor

Aethalometro

UPS

PM 2,5 and Black Carbon in real time

6:26:45 7:17:14 8:07:14 8:57:14 9:47:14 10:37:14 11:27:14 12:17:14 13:07:14 13:57:14 14:47:14 15:37:14 16:27:14 17:17:14 18:07:14 18:57:14 19:47:140

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Norma anual OMS (15 ug/m3) Norma annual OMS (25 ug/m3) Norma diaria de calidad del aire (50ug/m3)PM2.5 (ug/m3) Moving average (PM2.5 (ug/m3)) BC (ug/m3)Moving average (BC (ug/m3))

Conc

entr

ació

n (u

g/m

3)

3. Expected impacts

14

Zone 1 - Base

3. Expected impacts

Hospital San Ignacio

Universidad Distrital

Carrera séptima

Universidad Javeriana

15

Zone 1 - SITP

3. Expected impacts

16

Zone 2 - Base

3. Expected impacts

Av. 68

Zona comercial

17

Zone 2 - SITP

3. Expected impacts

Exposure WITHOUT SITP: 101 ug/m3.h

79% reduction

Cra 7a

Exposure SITP: 21 ug/m3.h

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

En Vehículo En el andén

Concentración (ug/m3) Tiempo (min) Exposición (ug/m3.h)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

En Vehículo En el andén

Concentración Tiempo (min) Exposición en espera

E2: 92 ug/m3.h E1: 9 ug/m3.h E2: 15 ug/m3.h E1: 6 ug/m3.h

3. Expected impacts

3. Expected Impacts

• Road safety– Transmilenio Phase 3– No more on street

competition– Positive incentives to

drivers– Improvement of public

spaces– New buses

1998 2008

Data Source: Research Department, Road Safety Fund, 2010 and Bogotá Secretary of Mobility, 2010.

“Impact of BRT systems on Road Safety: Lessons from Bogota” TRB 2011Bocarejo, Velásquez, Díaz, Tafur

4. Challenges

• A poor negotiation done by a Mayor in Disgrace– Compensation to previous operators– 24 year concession

• Improving Environmental performance• Infrastructure investment included in the concession

contract to be paid by fares?• Danger of loss of accessibility, impact on equity issues• Subsidies policy• Some high demand corridors need prepaid stations,

priorities, exclusive bus lanes…• Transmilenio S.A. institutional capacity must be doubled• Demand overcomes actual Transmilenio system capacity• Adaptability as mass transit network grows• A growing private vehicle ownership

4. Challenges

Fleet renewal Technologies Eco driving

Infrastructure Operation improvement Other mode

Improving environmental performance

4. Challenges

Improving environmental performance

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Nuevas tecnologías SITP Tendencial

Emisi

ones

de

PM 2

.5 (g

/hr p

ico)

4. Challenges

Improving environmental performance

4. Challenges

Improving environmental performance

($ 700,000,000.0)

($ 600,000,000.0)

($ 500,000,000.0)

($ 400,000,000.0)

($ 300,000,000.0)

($ 200,000,000.0)

($ 100,000,000.0)

$ 0.0

$ 100,000,000.0

$ 200,000,000.0

Costo de In-fraestructura

Costo de Manten-imientoCosto Energía

% de reducción en costo

VPN

12%

@12

año

s (M

USD

)

4. Challenges

User perception of Bogotá’s integrated public transport system: 5 trends and implications for program implementationKash, Hidalgo, TRB 2011

Improving accessibility and equity