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Collections Australia Network (CAN) [1] is a technological platform for content aggregation, enabling access to well- structured and organised collection information for the convenience of the research community to retrieve. Content aggregator services, like CAN, have a role to play beyond providing a technological platform in service of eResearch. Content aggregation services need to evolve from their current state as technological platforms to active agents of social change in support of eResearch goals. Content aggregating services operate as a hub, a key player and broker technically – and socially – in the wider network of contributors. Content aggregating services already operate as boundary negotiators but it is as incubators and facilitators of change in practice and the discernment of areas for strategic digital development that these services are in a unique position to contribute to advancing eResearch initiatives.
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Is eResearch about the technology?
…space, platforms, hubs and social change…
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Roles..digital development
Copyright Clearance: PolytechnicResearch Librarian: MuseumLecturer: Intellectual Access
Web Archivist: Cultural HeritageDigital Repository Coordinator: University
Special Projects Manager: University Manager: Collections Australia Network
…so this is a practitioner’s view…
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Three questions..
Is eResearch about the technology?
What are the characteristics of content aggregation (digital)?
How does content aggregation contribute to the goals of eResearch?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Three answers..
eResearch – provide opportunities for researchers to use technologies in the research
process
Content aggregators – conduits that provide a base level of engagement with research content
by contributors and users
eResearch goals – by enabling engagement and increasing the likelihood of more opportunities to
use technology being exploited by researchers
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Engagement..
With technology..With people..
With people using technology..
Aside the role that content aggregators have in providing a base level of engagement to build on.
Lessons learned in facilitating online access to research resources can be translated and are
reflective of common culture change issues and changes in practice across sectors.
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Is eResearch about the technology?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Is eResearch about the technology?
…or is it about culture change…?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Is eResearch about the technology?
Yes.. it is about tools!No.. it is what those tools enable!
Yes.. tool design is important.Exactly.. who designs them?
OK.. and your point is?How usable are they?
Why should we use them?!?!
The technologist and the reluctant technology user.
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
The utility value needs to be demonstrated and understood.
The utility value of having digitised research resources has already been demonstrated
through use of digital resources by scholars in their research and the development of citation standards in keeping with scholarly practices.
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
If culture change isn't on the agenda, why not?
What happens when social context and culture gets overlooked?
Depiction of technical networks.Depiction of social networks..?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Social networks..
map of Seb Chan's Facebook friends and their interconnections
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Theories..
...the pivotal nature of culture in technological change and innovation
in the social history, information systems, information and knowledge
management discourses
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Acknowledgement: Professor Jon Patrick, School of Information Technologies, University of SydneyResources and Tools Used
Becomes Capacity
Turns into Confidence
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Culture change..
- discernible stages of digital development- patterns of digital development (digitisation) around domains, group dynamics, socio-technical capacity - impact of governance mechanisms- link between attitude to change and how risk is viewed correlates with the type and level of change that may occur and the nature of the support/facilitation required
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Is eResearch about the technology?
First assertion: it is about culture change.
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
What are the characteristics of content aggregation?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/darkframe/395951788 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ Space
Content Aggregators as Boundary Negotiators
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/darkframe/395951788 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ Space
Content Aggregators as Boundary Negotiators
Unique position
Social space
Macroscopic views
Multiple stakeholders
Cross-domain and discipline
Across sectors and organisations
Core focus: digitisation
Induction/introduction
Shared/mutual outcomes
Collaboration a core factor
Relationship building crucial
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/generated/2457576800/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Hubs Technical and Social Brokers
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
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Hubs Technical and Social Brokers
Conduits
Engagement with participants
Trigger needs assessment
New processes, services, relationships
Re-examine 'traffic’ rules and controls
Non-partisan role
Technical and social connectivity
Connective design meets the needs of the content
contributors/users
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
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Platform
Incubators and facilitators of change
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ravages/155595849/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
When travellers arrive in a new place…
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pedroqtc/238513904//http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
…one of their first acts to “ground” themselves isto familiarise themselves with the territory. That might be the landscape, the language, the music, the transport systems, the buildings, the smells, the food, or the people….
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
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Where do you want to go?
What do you want to do when you get
there?
What time and money do you
have?
How much do you want to do this?
When do you want to go?
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The characteristics of content aggregators
are: boundary negotiators, hubs,
platforms, incubators, and travel agents.
Second assertion: Content Aggregators
are social agents.
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
How does content aggregation contribute to the goals of
eResearch?
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
..by helping people work through the issues to get content well-
formed, uploaded and available online, made accessible and used
in ways that are amenable to content contributors and
researchers and machines.. and the law/lore
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
..seems simple enough..
but it's not..
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mdverde/2857682406 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Content Aggregators as Transformers
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mdverde/2857682406 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Content Aggregators as Transformers
Technical hitch
Social hitch
Tangles, knots and walls
Expectations (realistic or otherwise)
Content contributors/users
Broker/guide
Change in practice
On both sides
Exploiting technology
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
..in a sustainable manner in taking those first and/or new steps so
those participants (contributors/users) have a
positive sense of ownership, achievement, confidence and
(hopefully) eagerness to undertake further engagement..
..i.e. once the social hitches have been gotten over..
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, Museums Australia, WA, Changing Landscapes, 8 Oct 2009Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenarios
Culture change issues in the collecting sector
Patterns of practice and social hitches reflected in culture change that can be seen in the research sector
Small to large scale groups/entities
Small to large scale politics
Small to large scale projects
Social hitches
Description standards
Technical know-how
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Diverse collection systems
Analogue practices
Bat and ball syndrome
Computer literacy levels
Rights: ethical/legal
Do it ALL syndrome
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenarios
Evolution of historical societies into museums
Convergence of community gallery and library services
Search across collections in university GLAMs
Major initiative lead by a key national institution
Social hitches
Description standards
Technical know-how
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Diverse collection systems
Analogue practices
Bat and ball syndrome
Computer literacy levels
Rights: ethical/legal
Do it ALL syndrome
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenario
Evolution of historical societies into museums
Small, local, FNQ
Local politics and industry
Collection description
No money, some time and an ageing and uninitiated workforce
Volunteer workforce
Shared domain knowledge
Social hitches
Description standards
Technical know-how
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Analogue practices
Computer literacy levels
Rights: ethical/legal
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenario
Convergence of community gallery and library services
Regional, NSW
Shared collection system
Perceived cost-savings and professional conflict
Regional politics and industry
Professional workforce
Different collecting practices
Social hitches
Description standards
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Diverse collection systems
Bat and ball syndrome
Computer literacy levels
Rights: ethical/legal
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenario
Search across collections in university GLAMs
Somewhere, Australia
One place to search
No shared information management practices
Professional workforce
Different collecting practices
Diverse collection 'owners'
Heterogeneous collections
Social hitches
Description standards
Technical know-how
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Diverse collection systems
Analogue practices
Bat and ball syndrome
Computer literacy levels
Rights: ethical/legal
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Scenario
Major initiative lead by a key national institution
National Library of Australia
Newspaper digitisation
Copyright issues
Voluntary correction
Social hitches
Social behaviours and group dynamics
Rights: ethical/legal
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mdverde/2837910184/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/ Content Aggregators: Agents of
Transformation and ConnectivityIngrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
Acknowledgement: Professor Jon Patrick, School of Information Technologies, University of SydneyResources and Tools Used
Becomes Capacity
Turns into Confidence
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncbob/2389492877/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ The Cow Path
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
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Content Aggregators: Agents of Transformation
and Connectivity
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http
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Content Aggregators: Agents of Transformation
and Connectivity
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pswansen/465802644/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/
Before you cruise off... takeaways
Pay attention to technical hitches but pay a WHOLE LOT MORE
attention to the social hitches
Culture change doesn't happen overnight and any change needs to be driven by the stakeholders
Establishing the roles and the rules of engagement is important
so all parties understand their part to play in that process of change
Patterns of social behaviour and group dynamics will change as
progress is made
Ingrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pswansen/465802624
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/
Third assertion: Content aggregators
help prepare eResearchers for
takeoff….
and..… landing
and…. refuelling
and….. maintenance
to take… further flights of intellectual
fascination and imagination.
Thank YouIngrid Mason, National Project Manager, Collections Australia Network, eResearch Australasia, Sydney, 10 Nov 2009