Sensor Network Deployment and

Development Sun SPOT

Paul Peng Deng

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Agenda

• Sensor Network Analyzer– WSN characteristics– WSN deployment challenges– SNA introduction– Conclusion and future development

• Sun SPOT– What is Sun SPOT– Applications– A simple tutorial– Conclusion

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Daintree /’dāāāāntr ēēēē’/ - rainforest, river and township in far north Queensland (Aus).

• Founded in 2003

• Leading provider of tools and platforms for development, management and operation of wireless embedded networks

• Located in Fremont, California• R&D Facilities in Melbourne,

Australia• Distributor in

key regions in Asia and Europe

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WSN Characteristics

• Limited power, multi-hop communication• Ability to cope with node failures• Dynamic network topology• Communication failures• Heterogeneity of nodes• Large scale of deployment• …

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WSN Deployment Challenges

“Development takes too long”

“Development takes too long”

“How do I integrate this network with my

enterprise?”

“How do I integrate this network with my

enterprise?”

“How do I install & commission my network?”

“How do I install & commission my network?”

“A network in the field stops working - how do I

run diagnostics?”

“A network in the field stops working - how do I

run diagnostics?”

“I want to add new features to networks in the field.”

“I want to add new features to networks in the field.”

“Some routes work better than others - I want my

networks to take advantage of these.”

“Some routes work better than others - I want my

networks to take advantage of these.”

“How do I manage security?”

“How do I manage security?”

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WSN Deployment ChallengesPre-Deployment: Planning

• Buildings can have dozens to thousands of wireless devices.

• Placement, multi-path planning, interference testing, gateways-per-floor, subnets and install-BOM are all issues.

• Pre-test is often required to validate planning prior to on-site delivery

• “Network health” rules important to validate, once on-site, that network is well-constructed.

• Feedback of “real-world” data is valuable for future plans

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WSN Deployment ChallengesDeployment: Commissioning

• Field personnel are rarely, if ever, experts in protocols.

• Needs to support both on-site (Laptop, PDA) and off-site (remote NOC) use cases.

• Needs to support mixed-mode (installer vs. provisioner)

• Test mode(s) necessary to validate install and “network health” rules.

• Must support both difficult-to-access and easy-to-access devices.

• Biggest Challenge: mapping device identity & location

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WSN Deployment ChallengesPost-Deployment: Monitor

• Field/NOC personnel need easy red/yellow/green type monitoring visualization and diagnostic tools.

• Unobtrusive data gathering required to conserve battery.

• “Network Health” rules need to generate alarms when non-conformant.

• Remote Access critical for expert support, diagnostics.

• Multiple people/sites need to have visibility simultaneously.

• Need fairly rich set of diagnostic statistics.

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WSN Deployment ChallengesPost-Deployment: Manage

• Devices have security models and so do people.

• Network performance may change due to new elements -dynamic management required.

• Device replacement needs to be easy while maintaining all of the existing-network setup.

• Devices are ideally self-locating and/or will advertise their location to field personnel.

• New device capability needs to be upload-able easily.

• Battery power needs to be maximized with dynamic info.

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Sensor Network Analyzer

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Overview

Industry’s most comprehensive solution for ZigBee™ and 802.15.4 testing, analysis, post development (commissioning, management, etc)– Extend traditional protocol analysis with powerful visual

network analysis.

– Multi-node capture for large and physically distributed networks.

– Ease of use features to accelerate troubleshooting tasks.

– Supports an extensive range of chipset evaluation boards/hardware.

– Committed to standard-based development and commissioning.

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Analyze

• Gain complete information about your network

• Save time and effort– Find packets of interest quickly.– Full protocol decoding to the latest specs.– Security key auto-detection– Powerful filters to help search through many

thousands of packets.– Timeline view for rapid identification of events

of interest based on time.– Color coding for identification based on

protocol.

• Analyze new or custom application profiles

• Navigate and share large amounts of data

– Add breakpoints during live capture. Replay, step, fast forward to events of interest.

– Save and share capture files.– Save and restore an entire session.

Comprehensive Protocol Analysis. Packet lists, decodes and timelines, integrated with powerful filtering tools provide comprehensive packet-based analysis.

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Visualize

• Obtain new perspective thru multiple network views/layout.

• Monitor the network– Find and examine devices using

discovery tools.– Obtain device types and states info.– Discover network both passively or thru

active analysis

• Customizable visual network layouts

• Analyze routing and application behaviors.

• Examine internal device information, and overlay different views for better device behavior analysis.

Visualization. Visual displays show network and device behavior. Here, a visual layout using a floor plan (above) and a radial tree view are used to observe the network.

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Visual Measurements. Measurements can be shown on the visual displays. Here, the number of packets transmitted by devices and end-to-end latency on packet routes (1ms), are shown.

Measure

• For reliable networking, performance measurements are used to ensure network and device designs meet requirements.

• Measurements such as packet counts, packet delay, successful routes and packet losses provide important information about device reliability and network design.

• Daintree’s measurement systemprovides performance measurement information numerically and visually.

Numerical Measurements. Numerical measurements provide over 30 measurements in 4-20 different formats each. Here, the retransmission ratio, the number packets transmitted, packet throughput, end-to-end latency and packet loss are shown.

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Commission

• Simplify configuration and commissioning during development and deployment/operation.

• Use the SNA as a commissioning tool, trust centre, router and end device.

• Commission start-up parameters (channel, security keys, etc.)

• Start/Join networks using ZigBee

• Discover overall network structure

• OTA device configuration and update.

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Multi-node and Multi-channel Capture

• Multi-node capture– Simultaneously capture communication on same channel– Duplicated message filter out automatically– Nodes are distributed in large area

• Multi-channel capture– Multiple devices listen on different radio

channels– Multiple networks or frequency hopping

network

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Future…support more protocols

• 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low power WPAN)

• TinyOS v1.x and v2.x• ISA100• WirelessHART (industrial plant applications)

• ……• Customize and decode your own protocol

through simple XML definition

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Q&A

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Sun SPOT

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The Timeline of WSN

Microsoft: Smart Personal Objects TechnologySun: Small Programmable Object Technology

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What is Sun SPOT• Embedded Development Platform

– Flexible hardware and software

• Easy to program – Java top to bottom– User programs the device entirely in Java – Using standard Java tools

• Connected – Wireless Communication– Mesh networking

– Over the Air Programming

• Mobile– Built in battery charged through USB

• Aware and Active– Able to sense and affect surroundings

• Secure– Built-in asymmetric cryptography

• Open Source– Software -- Hardware

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Sun SPOT Hardware

Antenna

2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Radio Module

180 MHz 32 bit

ARM920T core512K RAM4M Flash

Daughter board connector

Power switch

USB interface with mini-B connector

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Sun SPOT Hardware [cont.]

8 3-colors LEDs Switches

Light sensor 3-D

Accelerometer

Analog in 4-5

Replicated switches "High" current outputsDigital I/O

Digital I/O 0-3 Analog inputs

Temperature sensor andA/D converter

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Sun SPOT Software

• Squawk Virtual Machine

– J2ME CLDC 1.1 (cellphone without display)

– Runs on bare metal (No OS)

– Designed for memory constrained devices

– Runs multiple applications (concurrently)

• IDE Supported– NetBeans, Eclipse, …… any IDE you familiar with

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Applications

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ApplicationsAutonomous Deployment

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ApplicationsRobot

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ApplicationsSwarms

Autonomous Light Air Vessels•Cell phone vibration motor to propel

•Roam around to find friend or seek food

•Spinning together

•Feed them

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ApplicationsMike’s Flying Bike

Flying and Exercise!

Sun SPOT + Google Earth Flight Simulator

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ApplicationsSPOTkin

Sun SPOT + Pumpkin?

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My ProjectsGame Panel

Sun SPOT + Never Ball

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My ProjectsVirtual Earth Controller

Sun SPOT + NASA World Wind

The earth is on your palm

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My ProjectsGesture Recognition

Facts:1.Multi-attributes; 2. Data stream

Challenges:1.Recognition; 2. Segmentation

Solutions:1.Machine Learning; 2. Threshold+std dev

Accuracy: 17% ~ 97%

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Simple TutorialGet Data From Sun SPOT

Sun SPOTsSun SPOTs

Sun SPOTBase StationSun SPOT

Base Station

PC(Processing)

PC(Processing)

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Simple Tutorial [cont.]

Get Data From Sun SPOT

Sensor Side App:

private IAccelerometer3D accel = EDemoBoard.getInstance().getAccelerometer(); private ITemperatureInput tempSensor = EDemoBoard.getInstance().getADCTemperature(); private ILightSensor lightSensor= EDemoBoard.getInstance().getLightSensor();

String msg = String.valueOf(accel.getAccelX())+";"+ String.valueOf(accel.getAccelY())+";"+String.valueOf(accel.getAccelZ())+";"+ String.valueOf(tempSensor.getCelsius())+";"+ String.valueOf(lightSensor.getValue());

RadiogramConnection conn =(RadiogramConnection)Connector.open("radiogram://0014.4F01.0000.1455:100"); Datagram dg = conn.newDatagram(conn.getMaximumLength());dg.writeUTF(msg); conn.send(dg);conn.close();

9 lines of code!

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Simple Tutorial [cont.]

Get Data From Sun SPOT

Host Side App:

RadiogramConnection conn = (RadiogramConnection) Connector.open("radiogram://:100"); Datagram dg = conn.newDatagram(conn.getMaximumLength());conn.receive(dg);

String rawData = dg.readUTF();System.out.println(rawData);conn.close();

DONE!

6 lines of code!

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Conclusion

• Usage– Rapid prototype development– Experiment– Education

• Not ready for commercial deployment– Lacks support– Constraints (Battery)

• Future development– Get support from sensor providers like J2ME supported by

mobile phone companies– …

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Paul Peng DengResearch Assistant

SUM Research LabCSSE University of Melbourne

Daintree Networks R&D

Thank you

November 14, 2008