Landforms & Landscapes processes

Landscape.Landscapes are the visible features of a land.

Landscapes in an area can be the water bodies, mountains etc.

In this photo the sea, mountain, trees are the landscapes.

Landforms.

Landforms are the geomorphic feature on the surface of the earth, ranging from large-scale features such as plains, plateaus, and mountains to minor features such as hills, valleys, and alluvial fans.

WeatheringWeathering is the decomposition of rocks to

form smaller particles.Weathering is divided into two: Chemical weathering: Weathering of rocks in

which chemicals play an important role. Mechanical weathering: weathering of rocks

in which physical components play an important role.

Mechanical weatheringProcesses of mechanical weathering:Freeze thawSalt crystal growthDisintegrationPressure release.

Chemical weathering. Processes of chemical weathering:Carbonation solutionHydrolysisHydrationoxidation

Surface featuresThe term karst refers to well developed

features on dry lime stone. There are two types of karst:

1. Cockpit karst2. Tower karst

Tower karst Cockpit karst

River processesIn rivers the erosion occur in these

processes:1. Abrasion- the wearing away of the bed and

bank by load carried by a river2. Attrition- the wearing away of the load

carried by the river which creates smaller particles like gravel and small stones.

3. Hydraulic action- the force of air and water on the sides of the river.

Factors affecting erosion1. Load- the heavier the particles carried more

the rate of erosion2. Velocity- more the velocity more the power.3. Human impact- production of dams, bridges

etc.

wavesSwash is the movement of water up the

beach.Backwash is the movement of water down the

beach.There are two types of waves: destructive wave: 1. Have short wavelength2. High height3. Low period of waves4. More back wash5. Caused by local winds

Constructive waves:1. Long wavelength2. Low height3. Low frequency4. High period of waves5. Swash is more6. Caused by winds formed in distances7. Low energy waves

Features of marine erosion The erosion in sea rocks are caused because

of the salt water in the sea. Different shapes are formed due to erosion such as:

Stacks Archs Stumps

Coral reefs coral reefs are calcium carbonate structures

made of reef building stony corals. Different types of reefs:1. Fringing reef- grows along the shore.2. Barrier reef- grows away from the shore.3. Atoll reefs- grows on the remains of volcanic

foundations in the sea.