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Society and Culture with Family Planning & HIV/SARS Prevention (SSCI 101) Leonessa Tabios Lecturer [email protected]
Overview and Foundations of Sociology
1. Identify the important events that led
to the development of sociology.
2. Compare and contrast the different
ideas of sociologists.
Sociology
Defined as the scientific study
of human social life, groups and
societies
Seeing the general in the particular Seeing the strange in the familiar Individuality in social context
Importance of studying sociology
It allows us to understand society
Improve human conditions
Bear on difficult questions associated with social policies and choices
The term SOCIOLOGY was coined by sociologist August Comte.
It came from the Latin word, “termisocius” meaning companion or associate and Greek word “logia” meaning study of.
History of
Sociology
Age of Enlightenment “was the first time in history that thinkers tried to provide general explanations of the social world.
They were able to detach themselves, at least in principle, from expounding some existing ideology and to attempt to lay down general principles that explained social life” (Collins 1994, 17).
History of
Sociology
Industrial Revolution
•The European society was experiencing great transformation •Farm work was replaced by factory work •New occupations and a great demand of workers
History of
Sociology
Result of modernization
People living in rural lands were pushed to move to cities to find
work
Migrants were greeted by horrible living and working conditions and faced social problems
History of
Sociology
Tremendous changes brought ideas about individual liberty, rights to life and pursuit of happiness.
The Revolution
Sociological thinkers began to scrutinize the operations of social and economic institutions and proposed alternatives to them.
Prominent Figures in Sociology
Auguste Comte (1820-1903)
French sociologist who
coined the term Sociology
Father of Sociology
Conceptualized
“positivism”, a way to
understand the social world
based on scientific facts
For him, sociology can
help guide change
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Auguste Comte (1820-1903)
Social statistics
Aspects of social life
that have to do with order
and stability
how societies hold
together and endure
Social dynamics
Aspects of social life
that have to do with social
change and patterns of
institutional development.
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Herbert Spencer
(1820-1930)
called as the second founder
of sociology
according to him, sociology
should not guide social reform
human society goes through
natural evolution - barbarian
to civilized form
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
coined the term
“survival of the fittest”
thought that it was
wrong to help the poor
Herbert Spencer (1820-1930)
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
the “founding mother” of
sociology
“social life in society”
which is the patterns,
causes, consequences and
problems of the social world.
most important law of
social life is human
happiness
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Harriet Martineau
(1802-1876)
Her work sought to understand the extent to
which individuals developed “morals and
manners”
Concerned with gender, racial, and class
inequality.
Her studies and research mainly focused on
the position of women in the Western world and
the plight of slaves in America
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
Marx thought that people
should try to change society
and his proposal: revolution
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
His ideas made him
live the rest of his life
as a political exile in
England
Society is divided
into two classes: the
bourgeoisie and the
proletariat
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Focused on the question of
how societies hold together
and endure
Social integration is
necessary for the
maintenance of the social
order and for the happiness
of the individual.
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
When people have weaker
social ties, they are most likely
to be detached and therefore are
more susceptible to suicide.
Durkheim examined social
solidarity and distinguished two
types: mechanical and organic
solidarity.
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
According to Weber,
sociology should be value
free, meaning the
sociologist’s personal
values should not get in
the way of his research.
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Max Weber (1864-1920)
To be able to understand
human behavior; we need to
study the intention, values,
beliefs and attitudes that
underlie people’s behavior
Prominent Figures in
Sociology
Max Weber (1864-1920)
He used the word German
word Verstehen, meaning to understand.
The best interpreter of human
behavior is someone who has been
there, someone who understands the
feeling and motivations of the people
being studied
Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills
The ability to see the relationship between large-scale social forces and the personal actions of individuals Social imagination is all about determining the relationship between ordinary lives of people and the wider social forces Personal problems as public issues
