Open Access policies on national level

Iryna KuchmaEIFL Open Access programme manager

Presented at the Regional Workshop “Benefits of Open Access for Research Dissemination, Usage, Visibility and Impact” – 22 to 23 November 2010, Pretoria (South Africa)

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EIFL partners in AfricaBotswana, Cameroon, Egypt,

Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,

Lesotho, Malawi, Mali,

Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal,

South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Zambia & Zimbabwe

In progress: Algeria, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Ivory Cost, Morocco, Tunisia

EIFL Open Access ProgrammeWe advocate for the adoption of open access

policies and mandates by research funding agencies, universities and research organizations

nationally and internationally

We build capacities to launch open access repositories, and to ensure their long-term

sustainability

EIFL Open Access Programme (2)We empower library professionals, scholars,

educators and students to become open access advocates

We offer training, support knowledge sharing, and provide expertise on open access

policies and practices (journals and repositories)

EIFL Open Access Programme (3)Report on Open Repository Development in

Developing and Transition countries

(EIFL, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER project and Key Perspectives Ltd)

http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/oa-news/2010_07_05_report-on-open

Report on the implementation of open content licenses in developing and transition countries

http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/oa-news/2010_07_09_report-on-implementation

ContextCurrent research dissemination practices do not

adequately meet the needs of all stakeholders

Millions of educators and researchers, small businesses, students, physicians and clinicians,

patients and their families, and others are without affordable access to the quality

research information.

Context (2)How existing scientific research into malnutrition, hunger, agriculture, tropical and neglected diseases can be used to shape more effective government policies achieving the health and other outcomes

stipulated by the UN MDGs?

Research outputs needs to be more accessible and more visible locally and globally to contribute to

solving local and global problems.

Indigenous content and knowledge needs to be preserved to enrich the new generations.

Open Access policiesDrivers:

Knowledge economy

E-science, E-research,

Virtual Learning Environment

Accountability and Assessment

Freedom of information

Fifth freedom: free movement of knowledge

A Digital Agenda for Europe2.5.2. Driving ICT innovation by exploiting the

single market

Knowledge transfer activities should be managed effectively... and publicly funded research should be widely disseminated

through Open Access publication of scientific data and papers

To this end the Commission will appropriately extend current Open Access publication requirements as stipulated in Commission Decision C(2008)

4408 (more information on this pilot is available at http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/index.cfm?

fuseaction=public.topic&id=1680).

Europe 2020Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative

Innovation Union

The Commission will promote open access to the results of publicly funded research. It will aim to make open access to publications the

general principle for projects funded by the EU research Framework Programmes.

EC Open access pilotThe European Commission wants to ensure that the results of the research it funds under the EU's 7th

Research Framework Programme (FP7) with more than € 50 billion from 2007 – 2013, are disseminated as

widely and effectively as possible to guarantee maximum exploitation and impact in the world of

researchers and beyond.

Open access to research articles helps to increase the impact of the EU's investment in research and

development and to avoid wasting time and valuable resources on duplicative research.

EC Open access pilot (2)With access to a wider selection of literature,

researchers can build upon this knowledge to further their own work.

Small and medium sized businesses and entrepreneurs can also benefit from improved access to the latest research developments to speed up commercialisation and innovation.

Funder mandatesThe Wellcome Trust in the UK was the first

funder to mandate Open Access

The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), implemented a policy requiring that its grant recipients make articles resulting from NIH

funding publicly available within twelve months of publication in a peer-reviewed

journal

University associationsEuropean University Association:

“Universities should develop institutional policies and strategies that foster the availability of their quality-controlled research results for the broadest possible

range of users, maximising their visibility, accessibility and scientific impact.

The basic approach …should be the creation of an institutional repository or participation in

a shared repository… http://www.eua.be/fileadmin/user_upload/files/Policy_Positions/Recommendations_Open_Access_adopted_by_the_EUA_Council_on_26th_of_March_2008_final.pdf

OA policy options

for funding agencies and universities

Request or require?

If you're serious

about achieving open access

for the research you fund,

you must require it.(Based on The SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #130 and The SPARC

Open Access Newsletter, issue #127, by Peter Suber: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/02-02-09.htm and

http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/11-02-08.htm)

Green or Gold?Recommendation:

If you decide

to request and encourage open access,

rather than a mandate it,

then you can encourage submission

to an open access journal

and encourage deposit in an open access repository as well,

especially when researchers publish in a toll access journal.

Green or Gold? (2)Recommendation:

But if you decide

to mandate open access,

then you should require deposit

in an open access repository,

and not require submission

to an open access journal,

even if you also

encourage submission to an open access journal.

Deposit what?Recommendation:

Require the deposit of the final version of the author's peer-reviewed manuscript, not the published

version.

Require the deposit of data generated by the funded research project.

In medicine and the social sciences, where privacy is an issue, open access data should be anonymised.

A peer-reviewed manuscript in an open access repository should include a citation and link to the

published edition.  

Deposit what? (2)Recommendation:

Allow the deposit

of unrefereed preprints, previous journal articles, conference presentations (slides, text, audio, video), book manuscripts, book metadata (especially when the author cannot or will not deposit the full-text), and the contents of journals edited or published on

campus.

The university itself could consider other categories as well, such as open courseware, administrative

records, and digitization projects from the library, theses and dissertations

Scope of policy?

Recommendation:

For simplicity and enforceability,

follow the example of most funding agencies: apply your open access policy

to research you fund

"in whole or in part"

What embargo?

Recommendation:

No more than six months.

Any embargo is a compromise

with the public interest;

even when they are justified compromises,

the shorter they are, the better.

What exceptions?Recommendation:

Exempt private notes and records not intended for publication.

Exempt classified research.

Either exempt patentable discoveries or allow an embargo long enough for the researcher to apply for

a patent. (This could be a special embargo not allowed to other research.)

And unless you fund research, which often results in royalty-producing books, exempt royalty-producing

books.

Open repositoriesPublicise an institute’s research strengths,

providing maximum return on research investment;

Can be mandated by institutions, speeding development;

Provide an administrative tool for institutions;

Open repositories (2)Increase impact and usage of institute's

research, providing new contacts and research partnerships for authors;

Use free software and benefit from free technical support for installation and use; low

installation and maintenance costs; quick to set up & gain benefits;

Provide usage statistics showing global interest and value of institutional research.

Open access Provides access to the world’s research output,

free of financial and other restrictions – a level playing field;

Incorporates local research into interoperable network of global knowledge;

Increases impact of local research, providing new contacts and research partnerships for

authors; removes professional isolation

Strengthens economies through developing a strong and independent national science base.

Open Access in AfricaConsortium of Academic and Research Libraries in

Ghana (CARLIGH): Open access repository KNUSTSpace http://dspace.knust.edu.gh/; Installation and troubleshooting of Dspace

repositories: University of Cape Coast, University for Development Studies, University for Education

Winneba, Pentecost University and Ashesi University

4 open access journals: Etude de la Population Africaine/African Population Studies http://www.bioline.org.br/ep; the West African Journal of Applied Ecology http://ajol.info/index.php/wajae; The Ghana Medical Journal http://ajol.info/index.php/gmj; Studies in

Gender and Development in Africa http://ajol.info/index.php/sigada

Open Access in Africa (2)Lesotho Library Consortium (LELICO):

Is Open Access to information through libraries on the agenda at the African Union when it comes to

assessing countries’ development under the African Peer Review Mechanisms? – asks Matseliso M.

(Tseli) Moshoeshoe-Chadzingwa, National University of Lesotho, EIFL country coordinator in Lesotho and

EIFL Advisory Board member, in her paper presented at the IFLA conference, 10-15 August 2010:

http://www.ifla.org/files/hq/papers/ifla76/146-chadzingwa-en.pdf

Open Access in Africa (3)Nigerian University Libraries Consortium

DSpace at University of JOS: http://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/

10 open access journals in Biloine International: http://www.bioline.org.br/journals

107 open access journals published by Academic Journals: http://www.academicjournals.org/journals.htm

12 open access Journals in African Journals Online: African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, The African Journal of Oral Health, The Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, The African Journal of

Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology, the Journal of Agricultural Extension, International Journal of Health Research, African Journal of Physiotherapy and

Rehabilitation Sciences, OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies, Edo Journal of Counseling, Jos Journal of Medicine, Journal of Surgical Technique and Case

Report, Journal of the Nigerian Optometric Association

National governments and international organizations

1. Require open access to publicly funded scientific research (funders mandates).

2. Commit to public domain status for publicly funded data.

3. Consider a patent policy that does not hinder the process of open innovations.

4. Start tracking and rewarding sharing via citations to open articles, data sets, materials,

tools.

Thank you! Questions?

iryna.kuchma[@]eifl.nethttp://www.eifl.net

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