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Ben Gardiner, Travis Cooper, Matthew Haveard, Waseem Ahmad Everything You Need to Know about Mixed Integer Linear Programming

PFD UAV Final Presentation

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Page 1: PFD UAV Final Presentation

Ben Gardiner, Travis Cooper, Matthew Haveard, Waseem Ahmad

Everything You Need to Know aboutMixed Integer Linear Programming

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Outline

I.   Overview of MILP

II.  Existing UAV path planning Implementations

III.  Our Implementation

a.  Common Constraints

b.  Significant Variables

c.   Improvements

IV.  Results

V.  Future Improvements

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Mixed Integer Linear Programming

● Used to solve problems formulated as systems of linear constraints

● A solver, like Gurobi, can find the most optimal solution if given enough time

● Originally designed for offline problems, like crop planning

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Prior Usages with UAVs

● Plan most effective con­colliding paths for UAVs

● Computationally intensive 

● More than a minute to find the best path

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MILP Collision Avoidance

t=72.713      dt=2

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Receding Horizon Control (RHC)

● Reduce computation time by having multiple smaller calculations

● Get a portion of a path solved

● Re­solve new path by the time UAVs have reached end of previous path.

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Connected Components

● Creates multiple problems that can be solved simultaneously 

● Select a subset of UAVs that are close to each other

● Solve that subset as a component that has no relevance to other components

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Commonly Used Constraints

● Dynamics Constraint – so UAVs conform to real world physics

● Maximum Speed and Force – physical constraints specific to UAVs

● Separation Distance – Distance that must be maintained between UAVs

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Physical Dynamics Constraint

∀ p∈[1... N ]∀ i∈[0...T−1 ]si1 p=A p sipB p f ip

∀ p∈[1... N ]∀ i∈[0...T−1 ]si1 p=A p sipB p f ip

The next state must always be equal to force and velocity vectors added to current state

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Maximum Speed and Force

The next state must always be inside of a polygon which represents maximum speed and force

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Separation Distance

UAVs must always maintain a minimum distance from each other

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New Constraint: Minimum Speed

statet1

statet

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Significant Variables

●Standard Implementation

●RHC

●Connected Components

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Variables from Prior Implementations

● Size of timesteps (dt)

● Number of timesteps (Nt)

● Separation Distance (d)

● Time to solve (T)

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RHC/Connected Components Variables

● Horizon Length

● Component Threshold Distance

● Recalculation Point

● Number of waypoints given

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Paths Planned Fully

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Paths Planned Fully

Computation Time: 865.9s 

Vehicle 1 Completion Time:  159 

Vehicle 2 Completion Time:  138 

Vehicle 3 Completion Time:  118

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Paths Planned using RHC

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Paths Planned using RHC

Vehicle 1 Completion Time:  160 

Vehicle 2 Completion Time:  143 

Vehicle 3 Completion Time:  125 

Number of Infeasible Solutions Returned:  20 

Number of Feasible Solutions Returned:  139 

Mean Iteration Computation Time:  0.0676489431153 

Net Computation Time:  10.7561819553 

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ComparisonPaths Planned Fully Paths Planned using RHC

Total Computation time: 865.9s

Total Computation time: 10.75618s

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ResultsReal­time Flight Simulated using ROS

Number of UAVs: 3

Number of Waypoints per UAV: Unlimited Random (only achieved shown)

Field Size: 1000m x 1000m (Flight Map scaled to 10m/unit)

Flight Time: 300s

UAV Speed: 11.76 m/sMean Iteration Computation Time: 0.0573s

Distance actual/distance minimum: 1.046

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Results

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ResultsReal­time Flight Simulated using ROSNumber of UAVs: 6

Number of Waypoints per UAV:: Unlimited Random (only achieved shown)

Field Size: 1000m x 1000m (Flight Map scaled to 10m/unit)

Flight Time: 300s

UAV Speed: 11.76 m/sMean Iteration Computation Time: 0.107s

Distance actual/distance minimum: 1.063

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Results

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Results

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Results

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Conclusions● MILP implemented through RHC with 

Connected Components works very well● The interactions between the ROS 

framework and the MILP solver become unstable with large amounts of UAVs

● There is a lack of concurrency between the information from ROS and the found solutions

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Possible Future Research

● Improve relations between MILP and ROS

● Dynamic RHC

● Smart Connected Components

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The End