Pizza and a Movie

Pizza and a MovieA Case Study in

Advanced Web Services

Dr Luigi CeccaroniDr Jonathan Dale

Network Agent Research Group

Fujitsu Laboratories of America

July, 2002

© 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America

Outline

• Introduction

• The Evening Organizer

• The scenario

• Conclusions

• Challenges


Introduction• Advanced Web Services (WS++)

– Communicate on wide-area networks, such as the Internet.

– Have explicit representation of the capabilities offered.

– Support semantically grounded communication.

– Are reusable in different contexts and situations.

– Are published, discovered through agreed registry mechanisms.

– Are invoked through interactive and dynamic interfaces.

• Agents– Advertise their existence.

– Establish communications with other agents.

– Describe their function, input and output requirements.

– Negotiate an exchange of data and services.

– Cooperate in the completion of a task.


The Evening Organizer

• Part of Agentcities.RTD composite services• Uses various domain services such as:

Weather Cinema Hotel Restaurant Taxi

• Application for San Francisco• Part of an envisioned pervasive-computing infrastructure

(location and context-aware services) • AAP based


The Evening OrganizerPersonal Assistant AgentUser

Evening Organizer

Gather UserPreferences

Initiate EveningPlanning Task

ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary

Make ItineraryReservations

MakeItinerary

Reservations

ProposeItinerary withReservations

Seek Approvalof Itinerary with

Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary

Book ItineraryReservations

1

2

34

56

7a

8

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7b

10b

The user can monitor booking

execution


Initiating an evening organization taskA user wants to go to a restaurant to eat a pizza and

then go to a cinema to see a Sci-Fi movie.

The user is guided, via Web forms, towards a Restaurant and Shows template.

(Restaurant (typeOfCuisine:Cuisine = Pizza)

Shows = CinemaShow (show:Performance (genre:string = Sci-Fi)))



Evening Organizer



ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


MakeItinerary

Reservations



Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


1

2

34

56

7a

8

9

10a

7b

10b


execution


Composing an itineraryThe personal agent (PA) expands the instantiated

template into an instantiated itinerary (Web Services selection and composition).

(Taxi (source:string = UserHome) Restaurant … Taxi … Shows … Taxi (destination:string = UserHome))



Evening Organizer



ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


MakeItinerary

Reservations



Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


1

2

34

56

7a

8

9

10a

7b

10b


execution


Restaurant service

JTP Knowledge

BASE Restaurant Booking

Agent

KIF

Evening Organizer

QUERY-REF

INFORM

RE

QU

ES

T

INF

OR

M-D

ON

E

Ext

ende

d-F

IPA

-SL

Extended-FIPA-SL

SQLSQL database

RestaurantFinderAgent

HTML(Web)

DAML+OIL DAML-S

Restaurant services

© 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of AmericaGrounding for Web Services invocation (Finder Agents)

(QUERY-REF :sender ( agent-identifier :name [email protected]:1099 :addresses (sequence http://bo.agentcities.net:7778 )) :receiver (set ( agent-identifier :name [email protected] :addresses (sequence http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc ))) :content "( (all ?r1 (and

(instance ?r1 daml-s#serviceProfile)

(= (value ?r1 restaurant#CuisineType) \"restaurant#FrenchCuisine\") ) ) )"

:language extended-FIPA-SL :ontology (sequence

daml-s:http://.../onto1

restaurant:http://...onto3) :protocol fipa-query)



Evening Organizer



ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


MakeItinerary

Reservations



Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


1

2

34

56

7a

8

9

10a

7b

10b


execution

© 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of AmericaGrounding for Web Services invocation (Booking Agents)

(REQUEST :sender ( agent-identifier :name [email protected]:1099 :addresses (sequence http://bo.agentcities.net:7778 )) :receiver (set ( agent-identifier :name [email protected] :addresses (sequence http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc )) ) :content "(action ( ( agent-identifier :name [email protected] :addresses (sequence http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc ))) (process#booking :restaurant#howmany 8 :restaurant#when \"2002-06-17-1630\" ))" :ontology (sequence

process:http://.../onto2 restaurant:http://...onto3)

:language extended-FIPA-SL :protocol fipa-request-protocol)



Evening Organizer



ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


MakeItinerary

Reservations



Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


1

2

34

56

7a

8

9

10a

7b

10b


execution


Final form of the itinerary (Taxi

(source:string = UserHome) (destination:string = Ft. Mason Ctr., A) Restaurant = Antica Trattoria (seating:RestaurantSeating = Indoor) (typeOfCuisine:Cuisine = Pizza) Taxi (source:string = Ft. Mason Ctr., A) (destination:string = 1345 Bush St) Shows = CinemaShow (show:Performance (title:string = Barbarella) (genre:string = Sci-Fi)) (location:EventHost (name:string = Alliance Française)) Taxi (source:string = 1345 Bush St) (destination:string = UserHome))



Evening Organizer



ComposeItinerary

GatherReview

Information

GatherRatings

Information

RefineItinerary

GatherService

Information

ProposeItinerary

SeekApproval of

Itinerary

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


MakeItinerary

Reservations



Reservations

ApproveItinerary

ModifyItinerary

CancelItinerary


1

2

34

56

7a

8

9

10a

7b

10b


execution


Conclusions• EO: a simple process (black-box) expanding to a composite

process• Personal Agent: interface between user and EO• Dynamic input: Web form filled out by the user, user

preferences• Conditional output: Complete itinerary with reservations

booked and tickets purchased, or itinerary partially organized, or failure and error message

• Future work: – DAML-S version advertising properties and capabilities through a profile

description, and providing a grounding consistent with DAML-S 0.7 – Integration with a logic-based content language to be compatible with the

requirements of semantic agent communication within Agentcities– Restaurant, cinema and taxi services


Challenges(addressed by Agentcities)

• Semantic interoperability, use of ontologies

• Need for standard searching mechanisms and service classification

• Tools, frameworks and methodologies, to help the software-agent developer

• Dynamic, intelligent and autonomous composition of services


Availability Details (September 2002)

The Evening Organizer for

San Francisco

http://sf.us.agentcities.net/Luigi Ceccaroni, Jonathan Dale

[email protected]

Restaurant services:

http://sf.us.agentcities.net/aap/RestaurantServiceDescription.htm

AAP on SourceForge.net:http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/networkagent

Technology

Pizza and a Movie