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Chapter 13
Organizing, Writing, and Outlining Presentations
• Organize and support your main points
• Choose an appropriate organizational pattern for your speech
• Move smoothly from point to point• Choose appropriate and powerful
language
Chapter Outcomes
Chapter Outcomes (cont.)
• Develop a strong introduction, a crucial part of all speeches
• Conclude with the same strength as in the introduction
• Prepare an effective outline
Organizing Your Speech Points
• Main points are…– The central claims that support your
specific purpose and thesis statement– Ideas that will lead the audience to
accept or consider what you are asking them to do, believe, or consider
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Identifying Your Main Points– Include about 3-4 per speech.– Each main point should be one major
idea.– Ask yourself:
• Does this point prove my thesis? • Does it help me achieve my specific
purpose?
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Supporting Your Main Points– Subpoints support the main points.
• Represent a clear hierarchy of ideas– Ask yourself:
• Does this bit of information back up my main point?
– Sub-subpoints support the subpoints.
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Supporting Your Main Points (cont.)
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Arranging Your Points– Chronological patterns organize
points by time.– Topical patterns organize points by
category.•Primacy-recency effect: save the best
for last– Spatial patterns organize points by
proximity to each other.
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Arranging Your Points (cont.)– Problem-solution patterns arrange
three key points:• problem, possible solutions, best solution
– Cause-effect patterns follow cause-to-effect or effect-to-cause relationships.
– Narrative patterns arrange points using stories.
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Arranging Your Points (cont.)– Motivated sequence patterns follow
five phases:• Attention• Need• Satisfaction• Visualization• Action
Organizing Your Speech Points (cont.)
• Connecting Your Points– Use transitions such as “in addition
to” or “next, let me describe.”– Use signposts such as “next,”
“once,” “on the other hand.”– Use internal previews to show
what’s coming.– Use internal summaries to remind
the audience of what’s been covered.
Using Language That Works
• Respect your audience.• Keep it simple.• Use vivid language.• Use language to make a
lasting impression through– Repetition– Allusion– Comparisons (similes, metaphors)
Writing a StrongIntroduction
• Capture your audience’s attention by...– Using surprise– Telling a story– Starting with a quote– Asking a question– Making them laugh
Writing a StrongIntroduction (cont.)
• Introduce Your Purpose and Topic– Incorporate your thesis statement.
• Preview Your Main Points– Tell listeners the points you will discuss
in the order in which you will discuss them.
• Connect with Your Audience– Show them why they should care.– Appeal to their personal needs.
Writing a Strong Conclusion
• Signal the End – Use a transitional phrase.
• Reinforce Your Topic, Purpose, and Main Points– Give listeners a mental check-list.
Writing a StrongConclusion (cont.)
• Make an Impact– Use quotes, statements, questions, or
a final story.• Challenge the Audience to
Respond– Encourage them to use their “new”
information.– Encourage a call to action where
appropriate.
Outlining Your Speech• An outline is a structured form of
your speech content that...– Confirms your points are arranged
clearly– Ensures you’ve cited your research– Assists you in your delivery
Outlining Your Speech (cont.)
• Outlining Essentials– Use standard symbols.– Use subdivisions properly.– Separate the parts of your speech.– Call out your specific purpose and
thesis.– Cite your sources.– Give your speech a title.
Outlining Your Speech (cont.)
• Styles of Outlines– Sentence outlines use the full text of
your speech.– Phrase outlines use key phrases.
•Key-word outlines use key words to jog your memory.
• Phrase / Key-word are best for speaking outlines
Outlining Your Speech (cont.)
• From Preparation Outline to Speaking Outline– Preparation (working) outline:
• Firms up thesis, creates main points and supporting points
– Speaking (delivery) outline:• Final speech plan; includes delivery
cues, oral citations