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It is About the the species Rotfer(a)
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1April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 2
April 8, 2023 3
Domain : EukaryaKingdom : AnimaliaSubkingdom : EumetazoaSuperphylum : PlatyzoaPhylum : Rotifera
Cuvier, 1798Classes : Monogononta
Digononta Seisonidea
Phylum : Rotifer
Scientific Classification
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 4
Introduction
Rotifers are valuable live food for larval fish and crustacean culture.
The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis has been most widely used as essential food source in raising marine fish, shrimp and crab larvae due to its tolerance to the marine environment
The rotifera were first described by the Rev. John Harris in 1696. he described a Bdelloid Rotifer as "an animal like a large Maggot”
Introduction Cndt…
In 1702, Anton van Leeuwenhoek gave a detailed description of Rotifaer Vulgaris and subsequently described Melicerta ringens and other species.
in 1838 that the rotifera were recognized as being Multicellular animals.
Rotifers - derived from Latin and meaning “Wheel-bearer“ they have also been called wheel Animalcules.
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 5
Principles
Domestic sewage and waste water is about 99.9 percent water and 0.02-0.04 percent solids of which proteins and carbohydrates each compose 40-50 percent and fats 5-10 percent.
The rotifers can survive, grow and reproduce very well in high eutrophication waters.
Once appearance of copepods, the density of rotifers can not be large. In opening outdoor earthern ponds, it is impossible to avoid entering of copepods.
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 6
Principles Cndt…
Two major classes: 1) Bdelloidea 2) Monogononta
Exhibit cyclomorphosis
About 2000 species (mostly freshwater)
The bdelloidea rotifer is asexual
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 7
Why Bdelloid rotifer is asexual.
The Bdelloid rotifer can live in distilled water, seawater, and every salinity variation.
She lives in temperatures between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius.
The genome is very flexible and may contribute to the successes of the Bdelloid rotifer.
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 8
Bdelloid Rotifers
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Characteristics Possess 2 distinctive features:
1) ciliated ‘corona’ near head region 2) a muscular pharynx, the ‘mastax’
Small, (100-1000 um) herbivores and predators.
Can be very abundant (up to 1000/L) and found in nearly all habitats from open water to soils and attached to plants.
Exhibit cyclomorphosisApril 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 10
Characteristics Cndt… Several characteristics of rotifers, including their
nutritional quality, body size and relatively slow motility have contributed to their usefulness as good prey for active larvae.
composed of several Ciliated
sweeps food into the mouth and chewed up by a characteristic Pharynx
well-developed CuticleApril 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 11
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 12
Anhydrobiosis
A type of Cryptobiosis: the reversible cessation of metabolism under extreme environmental conditions
-Escape method from parasitesIn dormant state, can be flushed away, blown away by wind, or even outlast parasites
Rotifer Diversity
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General Rotifer Morphology
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Reproduction Rotifers are dioecious and males are always smaller
than females.
Parthenogenesis predominates, but males do appear sporadically.
Mostly oviparous; producing 3-50 eggs.
Monogononta have only 1 gonad; Bdelloidea has paired gonads but no males are known.
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Life Cycle
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Functional Role
Because of their sheer abundance and quick turnover time, they can exert significant grazing pressure on phytoplankton.
Can represent up to 50% of zooplankton production in lakes/ponds.
Generally have lower ‘filtering rates’ as compared to crustacean zooplankton (e.g. cladoceran and copepods).
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 18
References http://www.wikipedia.com Dhert P., P. Sorgeloos, 1994. Live feeds in aquaculture. Proceedings of
Aquatech'94, in press. Fukusho, K., 1989. Biology and mass production of the rotifer, Brachionus �
plicatilis. Int. J. Aq. Fish. Technol., 1:232-240. Fulks, W., K. L. Main, 1991. Rotifer and Microalgae Culture Systems. The �
Oceanic Inst., Honolulu, USA. 364pp. Fushimi, T., 1983. III-5 ingestion by fish larvae and juveniles. The rotifer,
Brachionus plicatilis-Biology and mass culture ( Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. ed.), Koseishya-Koseikaku, 69-93, Tokyo.
Hagiwara, A., 1989. Recent studies on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a live food for the larval rearing of marine fish. La mer 27:116-121.
Welcome to the Wonderfully Weird World of Rotifers by Richard L. Howey Pechenik, Jan A. (2005). Biology of the invertebrates. Boston: McGraw-Hill,
Higher Education. pp. 178
April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 19