Put Your Dreams in Motion

with Ruby

Vitaly Kushner@vkushner

Monday, June 24, 13

Vitaly Kushnerprogramming since middle 80sprofessionally since early 90sRails since 2005founded Astrails in 2008

Monday, June 24, 13

Hello everybody, my name is Vitaly Kushner. I'm a co-founder of Astrails. A Ruby on Rails consulting company.

For the last 8 years we’ve been building web applications using Ruby on Rails, but this is not what I’m going to talk about today.

For a while I didn't know what to talk about.

Rails

Monday, June 24, 13

Yet another Rails introduction?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/52462679@N06/5913851944Monday, June 24, 13

Nah, everybody knows already that for most web applications Rails is the best tool for the job.

I wanted something more interesting.

So instead I decided to choose a topic that I'm much less of an expert in, actually not an expert at all, but rather something that I'm currently learning and very excited about.

Railsblog in 5 minutes

Monday, June 24, 13

In fact I’m as excited as I was back in 2005 when I saw for the first time the legendary "blog in 5 min" Rails screencast.

I remember when I saw it for the first time I decided right there that Rails will be the framework for my next web project.

New Toyshiny

Monday, June 24, 13

Recently I had a similar experience, and now I have a new shiny toy to play with.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/joriel/2839872192/sizes/l/Monday, June 24, 13

So.. What am I going to talk about today?

Those of you that payed attention to the conference program already know, for the rest it will be a pleasant surprise ;)

RubyMotion

Monday, June 24, 13

We are going to talk about RubyMotion. What is it, why and when would you want to use it and when not, and how it compares to alternatives.

Purpose?

Monday, June 24, 13

But first I'd like to talk about the purpose of this talk.

We don't have much time, so we are not going to go into much technical details. But I'll be very glad if at least some of you will come back to work or home and decide to try RubyMotion for your next great app.

so…

I hate IDEsseriously, they are all crap

Monday, June 24, 13

For a long time I wanted to develop for iOS and OS X, and I even started to go through the tutorials a couple of times, but I got frustrated every time. I got spoiled by the ruby ecosystem, toolset and development process. To the point that dealing with the archaic  IDE was too much of a pain and  in some ways reminded me of the bad days of my Windows GUI programming.

Google for 'Xcode sucks' and you will find tens of thousands of people that agree with me. Whenever I tried to follow Xcode tutorials, at some stage Xcode would just freeze and refuse to continue. There is no need to bash Apple here though, the same shit happens with Eclipse and any other IDS  there is. They are just too big and complex to reliably work and allow me to understand exactly what they do. They impose workflow on you that you can't change to suit your needs.

So, frustrated, I've put away the iOS tutorials for a while.

And then I saw the RubyMotion screencast and I immediately felt the excitement that reminded me of my first days of Rails.

What is RubyMotion?

Monday, June 24, 13

What is RubyMotion?

"RubyMotion is a revolutionary toolchain that lets you quickly develop and test native iOS and OS X applications for iPhone, iPad and Mac, all using the awesome Ruby language you know and love."

Monday, June 24, 13

"RubyMotion is a revolutionary toolchain that lets you quickly develop and test native iOS and OS X applications for iPhone, iPad and Mac, all using the awesome Ruby language you know and love."

Why RubyMotion?

Monday, June 24, 13

So why would you want to use RubyMotion instead of Objective C?

There are several reasons, but there is no a single killer feature. Instead the whole approach to development and workflow is what makes RubyMotion so special. Its not the features, its how it feels to build stuff with RubyMotion that makes the difference.That being said, there are features too:

Ruby

Monday, June 24, 13

First of all it uses Ruby, which is a language that I love very much. The syntax is great and very readable. the language is very powerful and allows you to do some very impressive feats.

Looking at Cocoa documentation and Objective C tutorials, you will find a lot of boilerplate verbose code and archaic interfaces.

And if there is something Ruby community is allergic to its unnecessary boilerplate. So, as you would expect, many of the Cocoa APIs have idiomatic Ruby wrappers. They reduce the amount of code you need to write to use them by a whole lot.

Simpleand readable

Monday, June 24, 13

Another thing is that Ruby code is simpler and more readable as a whole. Objective C is a very old language that also descends from C, so there is a lot of 'cruft' that was accumulated. Apple is doing a great job of modernizing it lately, removing quite a bit of boilerplate code that is no longer needed, but still, Objective C code is much less readable then Ruby, and there is more of it. For example, in Objective C you need to declare interface for every class, even if you only use it in a single place. in Ruby you just write your class.

REPLRead Eval Print Loop

Monday, June 24, 13

Its hard to overstate the importance of Read-Eval-Print-Loop console (REPL). Its utility is immediately obvious to anyone that programmed in a language that has it.

When you use RubyMotion you get a REPL with tab completion just like regular ruby's IRB. You can poke inside your running application and call methods on your running application objects while application is running. This is very very cool and improves the speed of development quite a bit. Instead of recompiling for every simple change you can tweak things from the console while the app is running until you are satisfied. Then you can incorporate the changes into the source code.

There is a special REPL feature in RubyMotion that allows you to Command-click any UI element in the emulator and have it’s context made available in the running console, I’m going to show it to you later.

One of the biggest thing about RubyMotion is that it achieves all those cool things without sacrificing performance. It compiles your application to the native code that runs as fast as if you were writing it in Objective C (with one caveat I’ll mention later).

workflow

Monday, June 24, 13

Another very important thing is the workflow.

As I already said I hate IDEs. I spent quite a bit of time configuring my command line tools and editor. RubyMotion allows me to continue to use the same tools I use for writing web applications with Rails to develop applications for OS X and iOS. There are no configuration dialogs for the application, all is done through simple ruby configuration files just like in Rails. There are no big xml files to sift through. And its trivial to see the difference between versions in source control.

rake

Monday, June 24, 13

The whole workflow is built around Rake - ruby's excellent build management tool.

To compile and run app on the emulator you just type 'rake' and it does the rest.

rubygems

Monday, June 24, 13

Oh, and I can use Rubygems to manage your application libraries.

testing

Monday, June 24, 13

For various reasons most iOS developers do not use automated tests much. The tools exist, but they are not as pervasive and advanced as in the Ruby land. And RubyMotion comes with an Rspec like testing and UI automation framework that you can use to test your applications. No more mindless clicking to test the most basic flows. You will of course still need to actually use the app, but a lot of functionality can be tested by the framework, without human intervention.

community

Monday, June 24, 13

In addition to already huge Objective C community, there is a new and growing RubyMotion community. And Ruby developers are known to produce some pretty innovative libraries and tools.

JoyBoxhttp://joybox.io

Monday, June 24, 13

For example, there is a library called JoyBox (http://joybox.io), which is a game wrapper for RubyMotion. I suggest you find a JoyBox REPL demo video on Vimeo. its amazing how you can do very impressive things with just a line of ruby.

• write less code

• use better tools

• have more fun

Monday, June 24, 13

Did I mention that its actually a lot of fun programming in RybyMotion? ;)

downsides?

Monday, June 24, 13

Are there any downsides to this?

YESof course

Monday, June 24, 13

Yes, of course. Just as with most everything in life, there are tradeoffs.

expensive shit$200

Monday, June 24, 13

First of all this shit is expensive. $200 a piece expensive.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/6355811869Monday, June 24, 13

Its a commercial product. While most of the toolchain and workflow tools are open source the compiler itself is the 'secret souse' and it costs money.

So this kind of puts it out of the 'I just want to fool with it' category. On the other hand Apple developers already pay to $100 to Apple for the access to the development platform, so this isn't a big deal. In any kind of commercial environment, the benefits of RubyMotion will pay for its price many times over.

downsides?• expensive

• no low level data access

• no static checks during compilation

Monday, June 24, 13

Second, Ruby doesn't give you low level bit access to the native memory, like C does. so if you are writing a 3D game with lots of graphics processing, RubyMotion might not be a good fit. 2D games are perfectly OK though (see JoyBox).

That being said, RubyMotion can call any function available from Objective-C. So you can localize your hard-core data processing into a simple Objective-C lib, then drive it with the rest of the UI from RubyMotion.

Also, as with all dynamic languages, you loose static type checks by compiler. if you have a typo in a variable name you will find out at runtime, not during compilation.

AlternativesPhonegap, Titanium

Monday, June 24, 13

We of course can't ignore the alternatives, so I'd like to dedicate a bit of time to discuss them.

There were other solutions available, like Phonegap and Titanium.

multi-platform

Monday, June 24, 13

The big selling point for those is that they are multi platform. So that you can theoretically reuse a lot of the code to support both iOS and Android platforms

HTML/JS

Monday, June 24, 13

Another thing is that you can use simple HTML and Javascript to develop your applications.

slow

Monday, June 24, 13

No native API access

Monday, June 24, 13

But those very same benefits are also the biggest downside. You do not talk directly to your runtime, you talk to the library which in turns talks to the OS. So if some API call is not supported by the wrapper, you don't get to call it. Also, while HTML/JS is a viable solution for many applications, it is very limiting in what you can do. Where RubyMotion can accommodate all but the most graphics and data intensive applications like 3D games, html/js apps simply can't deliver the same slick UI you might want to implement for your native application.

Its really easy to develop applications for those platforms because the APIs are much simpler then the native ones, but it just means that you have much less APIs to work with. Lots of things are impossible to do.

RubyMotion is Native

Monday, June 24, 13

RubyMotion on the other hand has all the native APIs.

While it wraps some of the API's into idiomatic Ruby interfaces It also makes all of Apple's APIs available.

For example, if Apple releases NFC API tomorrow you can start using it the same day, you don't need to wait until some 3rd party provides you with a wrapper. You can wrap it with idiomatic Ruby yourself, or just go and use the API directly. Your choice.

RubyMotion is FAST

Monday, June 24, 13

As I already mentioned RubyMotion is fast. Almost as fast as Objective C. IT compiles your Ruby code to native executable.

How does it do it? Its quite ingenious in fact. And its only possible because Objective C and Ruby are very similar in many respects. They both descend from Smalltalk and it shows.

smalltalk

Monday, June 24, 13

The message dispatch is quite similar in semantics, so that RubyMotion implements Ruby syntax by using native ObjectiveC internals.

RubyMotion != Ruby

Monday, June 24, 13

Its important to understand though that RubyMotion is not Ruby.

no eval

Monday, June 24, 13

Some parts of ruby are made unavailable. For example, there is no 'eval', but that has more to do with Apple's AppStore guidelines then with technical limitations. Also there is no 'require', but we'll get to this a bit later.

named parameters

Monday, June 24, 13

Some of the syntax was changed to support platform features. For example, Objective C code uses named parameters. And in Ruby they are only available since Ruby 2.0. RubyMotion changed ruby syntax to support named parameters from the beginning.

## Objective C

NSError *error = nil;NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile: answerFile, options: NSDataReadingUncached, error: &error];

# Same in Ruby

error = Pointer.new(:object)data = NSData.alloc.initWithContentsOfFile(answerFile, options:NSDataReadingUncached, error: error)

# Dereferencing error

do_something_with_error error[0]

Monday, June 24, 13

To show you an example, here is a typical Objective C call that constructs an NSData object from a content of a file:

Two things to note here: use of error pointer and named arguments.

To support this frequently used ObjectiveC idiom of error pointer RubyMotion introduces Pointer class, which encapsulates the functionality, and lets you de-reference the pointer using ruby array syntax.

we can dereference the error pointer using array syntax.

blocks

Monday, June 24, 13

It is actually quite remarkable how little changes had to be done to Ruby syntax to allow native Objective C interface support. There is another cool Objective C feature that directly maps into ruby: blocks.

# block in Objective C [UIView animateWithDuration: 1.0 animations: ^{ @label.alpha = 1 }]; # block in Ruby

UIView.animateWithDuration(1.0, animations: ->{ @label.alpha = 1 })

Monday, June 24, 13

Lets see another typical Objective C code snippet. This time we 'animate' a text label:

This is very similar to Ruby blocks, just a bit different syntax.

As you can see it is quite trivial to translate Objective C code into Ruby. 

Thats why you don't need special adopted documentation. You can just use the regular API docs and translate the syntax to ruby on the fly.

That being said, RubyMotion comes with lots of Apple API docs translated and accessible to RubyMotion version of Ruby "ri" documentation reader.

magic

Monday, June 24, 13

But enough of talking, lets see how the magic happens.

We will create a very simple iOS application. Creating a hello world is trivial, but that would be too boring, so we will do something a little more interesting. We will create an app that finds out your current GPS location, and then requests weather information about the location.

Monday, June 24, 13

This is the screenshot of its running.

> motion create weather Create weather Create weather/.gitignore Create weather/app/app_delegate.rb Create weather/Rakefile Create weather/resources/Default-568h@2x.png Create weather/spec/main_spec.rb

Monday, June 24, 13

Note: since we don't have much time I won't explain every little detail.

When you install RubyMotion you get the 'motion' command line tool that does most of the work.

To create a new application you just write 'motion create AppName'.

As you can see, just like Rails, RubyMotion creates a skeleton application with some basic tests.

Lets review the files.

> cat Rakefile# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-$:.unshift("/Library/RubyMotion/lib")require 'motion/project/template/ios'

Motion::Project::App.setup do |app| # Use `rake config' to see complete project settings. app.name = 'weather'end

Monday, June 24, 13

Rakefile contains the application configuration block. You can see what configuration options are available by running 'rake config'.

> rake configbackground_modes : []

build_dir : "./build"codesign_certificate : "Error"delegate_class : "AppDelegate"deployment_target : "6.1"device_family : :iphoneentitlements : {}files : ["./app/app_delegate.rb"]fonts : []framework_search_paths : []frameworks : ["UIKit", "Foundation", "CoreGraphics"]icons : []identifier : "com.yourcompany.weather"interface_orientations : [:portrait, :landscape_left, :landscape_right]libs : []

...

Monday, June 24, 13

> rake -Trake archive # Create an .ipa archiverake archive:distribution # Create an .ipa archive for distribution (AppStore)rake build # Build everythingrake build:device # Build the device versionrake build:simulator # Build the simulator versionrake clean # Clear build objectsrake config # Show project configrake ctags # Generate ctagsrake default # Build the project, then run the simulatorrake device # Deploy on the devicerake simulator # Run the simulatorrake spec # Same as 'spec:simulator'rake spec:device # Run the test/spec suite on the devicerake spec:simulator # Run the test/spec suite on the simulatorrake static # Create a .a static library

Monday, June 24, 13

You can see other commands by running rake -T:

I suggest you always run 'rake crags' to build tags database.

to run the app you just run rake.

> rake configbackground_modes : []

build_dir : "./build"codesign_certificate : "Error"delegate_class : "AppDelegate"deployment_target : "6.1"device_family : :iphoneentitlements : {}files : ["./app/app_delegate.rb"]fonts : []framework_search_paths : []frameworks : ["UIKit", "Foundation", "CoreGraphics"]icons : []identifier : "com.yourcompany.weather"interface_orientations : [:portrait, :landscape_left, :landscape_right]libs : []

...

Monday, June 24, 13

“delegate_class” config is site to “AppDelegate” by default. This is the name of the class that will be instantiated by the environment and receive lifecycle callbacks.

# app/app_delegate.rb

class AppDelegate def application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions) true endend

Monday, June 24, 13

Lets check out the AppDelagate class. It is placed in “app/app_delegate.rb”.

As you can see it doesn't do anything yet.

> rake configbackground_modes : []

build_dir : "./build"codesign_certificate : "Error"delegate_class : "AppDelegate"deployment_target : "6.1"device_family : :iphoneentitlements : {}files : ["./app/app_delegate.rb"]fonts : []framework_search_paths : []frameworks : ["UIKit", "Foundation", "CoreGraphics"]icons : []identifier : "com.yourcompany.weather"interface_orientations : [:portrait, :landscape_left, :landscape_right]libs : []

...

Monday, June 24, 13

Another thing in config is “icons”. It is blank by default. Lets change it.

# copy icon file into resources directory

> cp ../icon.png resources

# add icon filename to app.icons in Rakefile app.icons << 'icon.png'

Monday, June 24, 13

We need to copy the icon png file into the resources directory.

Monday, June 24, 13

As you can see our app has a custom icon now.

def application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions)

@window = UIWindow.alloc.initWithFrame(UIScreen.mainScreen.bounds) @window.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor @window.makeKeyAndVisible

trueend

Monday, June 24, 13

Now lets change the applicaiton’s background color to light gray.

class AppDelegate

def application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions)

@window = UIWindow.alloc.initWithFrame(UIScreen.mainScreen.bounds) @window.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor @window.rootViewController = WeatherController.alloc.init @window.makeKeyAndVisible

true endend

# app/weather_controller.rbclass WeatherController < UIViewController def viewDidLoad @label = UILabel.alloc.initWithFrame([[10, 10], [300, 50]]) @label.text = "DevCon 2013" @label.textColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor @label.backgroundColor = UIColor.orangeColor @label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter

view.addSubview @label endend

Monday, June 24, 13

Cocoa is an MVC framework, so now we need a controller. we will put it into app/weather_controller.rb:

We inherit from UIViewController. It will create a view for us by default, and viewDidLoad method will be called once the view is loaded.

Here we can initialize the rest of the application. Lets add a tex label.

def viewDidLoad @label = setup_label [[10, 10], [300, 50]], UIColor.orangeColor @label.text = "DevCon 2013"end

def setup_label frame, bgcolor label = UILabel.alloc.initWithFrame(frame) label.textColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor label.backgroundColor = bgcolor label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter

view.addSubview label labelend

Monday, June 24, 13

Lets refactor it a bit to prepare for multiple labels that we need.

@name_label = setup_label [[10, 10], [300, 50]], UIColor.orangeColor@place_label = setup_label [[10, 80], [300, 50]], UIColor.yellowColor@temp_label = setup_label [[10, 150], [300, 50]], UIColor.greenColor

Monday, June 24, 13

Here you can see we created 3 labels of different colors.

Bubble Wraphttp://bubblewrap.io

http://rubymotion-wrappers.com

Monday, June 24, 13

So far we used Objective-C API as is, which is not very ruby like. Lets see how better can it be by using idiomatic Ruby.

RubyMotion has quite a bit of “wrappers” available. Ruby libraries that provide a more ruby-like interface to common APIs.

You can find many wrappers on http://rubymotion-wrappers.com and simply on github.

BubbleWrap (http://bubblewrap.io) is one of the basic ones. it wraps Cocoa Touch into nice ruby APIs.

# Gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rake'gem 'bubble-wrap'

# Rakefile

require 'bundler'Bundler.require

require 'bubble-wrap/all'

Monday, June 24, 13

As mentioned before, RubyMotion doesn’t have “require” support.

So instead of requiring your libraries from your RubyMotion code, you do it in your Rakefile, where it becomes the part of the build.

We will of course use Rubygems and Bundler to manage our libraries.

@name_label = setup_label [[10, 10], [300, 50]], 'orange'@place_label = setup_label [[10, 80], [300, 50]], 'yellow'@temp_label = setup_label [[10, 150], [300, 50]], 'green'

label.textColor = 'dark_gray'.to_colorlabel.backgroundColor = bgcolor.to_color

Monday, June 24, 13

Now we can use some ruby goodies. First lest try something simple, like String#to_color.

def viewDidLoad ... get_locationend

def get_location BW::Location.get_once do |loc| puts loc.inspect endend

Monday, June 24, 13

But that is not what we added BubbleWrap for.

Lets try the Location services. Using natie API that would be a screenful of code. Using BubbleWrap its a one liner.

You can see that the application now asks for permission to access location data.

def get_location BW::Location.get_once do |loc| get_weather loc.latitude, loc.longitude endend

def get_weather lat, lon BW::HTTP.get( "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=#{lat}&lon=#{lon}" ) do |res| puts res.inspect endend

Monday, June 24, 13

Now that we have location we can fetch weather information. We will use openweathermap.org API for that.And we will use bubble-wrap HTTP wrapper to fetch it.

def get_weather lat, lon ... update_weather res.body.to_str ...end

def update_weather json res = BW::JSON.parse(json)

name = res['name'] weather = res['weather'][0]['description'] temp = res['main']['temp'] - 273.15

@place_label.text = name @weather_label.text = weather @temp_label.text = "%f.2" % tempend

Monday, June 24, 13

Now that we have the weather json response, lets parse it and update our labels with the information.

Note that even such a simple thing as JSON parse would be much more verbose without BubbleWrap.

• http://blog.rubymotion.com

• http://rubymotion-tutorial.com

• https://learn.thoughtbot.com/rubymotion

Monday, June 24, 13

For the end a couple of useful resources for you to learn RubyMotion.

The official blog is something that you will want to follow http://blog.rubymotion.com when developing with RubyMotion.

http://rubymotion-tutorial.com is a nice place to start.

https://learn.thoughtbot.com/rubymotion is the “things to do/read to lean” list for RubyMotion from ThoughtBot.

Thank you!Slides and video will be published at

http://astrails.com/blog

Vitaly Kushner@vkushner

Monday, June 24, 13

As mentioned before the slides and the video will be posted on our blog at http://astrails.com/blog

Follow me on twitter (@vkusher) to be notified about new presentations, updates to “The Rails 4 Way” book that I co-authored with Obie Fernandez and our open source libraries.