Plant Pathology)Ram Bahadur Khadka, Scientist (S1, Plant Pathology)Regional Agriculture Research Station, Khajura

narc.org.np,vijayautsatga@gmail.com contact: +9779851141161

Paper presented to 4th Society of Agricultural Scientist : Nepal (SAS-N) convention Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal, April 4-6, 2012

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IntroductionThe System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a �set of insights

and practices that change the management of plants, soil, waterand nutrients used in growing irrigated rice.� SRI methods,promote the growth of more productive and robust plants.

More simply; SRI is a package of practices especiallyMore simply; SRI is a package of practices especiallydeveloped to improve the productivity of rice.

SRI involves intermittent wetting and drying of paddies aswell as specific soil and agronomic management practices..

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Advantages of SRI?Increases rice yield per drop of

water, per kg of seed andfertilizers (highest yield 22.4MT per ha in India).

Tolerable to flood, lodging anddrought.

Why SRI? Why SRI? Consuption, demand and prices for

rice increasing The shortage of water (climate

change) Shortage of land suited for rice

productionThe Total of 0.17 million tones grain

food deficit as compared to its drought.

Very suitable for organicproduction.

RCT

SRI is based on the localresources, no need topurchase any extra externalinputs, although they can beused with the other practices.

food deficit as compared to its requirement in Nepal.

About 50% farmers have land holding less than 0.5 ha.

Farmers and scientist have challenge to develop new alternatives to increase the sustainable productivity, in context of climate changing.

SRI would be the best alternatives.

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Source: Dash & Pal, 2011

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Methodology

A series of experiments conducted at FFS in Kailali district, during 2009� 2010 rainy season (June�Sept.)Standard SRI practices were used in all exp.

(a) single or two seedlings per hill

(b) 8�10 days old seedlings

(c) intermittent wetting and d) FYM @1.5 Mt /ha along with

Variety, Radha# 4

All experiments were conducted using RCBD Individual FFS was taken as a replication.

(c) intermittent wetting and drying

d) FYM @1.5 Mt /ha along with 60:40:40:8 Kg NPKZn/ha

(e) plant spacing of 25X25 cm

(f) three weeding by rotatoryweeders at 15, 30 and 45 DAT

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Details of the experimentsSN

Name of theexperiment

Treatments Replicated sites Parameter taken

1 Effect of ageof seedling

8-10 days, 15,days, 22 days,29days

Khailad,Lalbojhi,Ramsikhrajhala,Pahalmanpur

Tiller per hill,effective tillers perm2, TGW, Yield

2 Effect ofspacing

15x15, 20x20,25x25 and30x30 cm

Ramsikhrajhala,Lalbojhi,Khailad,Pahalmanpur

Tiller per hill,effective tillers perm2, TGW, Yield

3 Financialanalysis ofthe cultivationpractices

Ramsikhrajhala,Lalbojhi,Khailad,Pahalmanpur

Cost of cultivation,yield, Returns, Netreturns and B:Cration

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Results and discussions

Spacing Tiller perhill

Effectivetiller perm2

TGW(gm)

Yield(MT/ha)

15x15 12.00 c 277.00 c 20.10 b 6.00c

Relationship of yield parameters with different spacing

15x15 12.00 c 277.00 c 20.10 b 6.00c

20x20 22.00 b 286.00b 20.50ab 6.84b

25x25 36.00 a 328.00a 21.50a 8.54a

30x30 38.00 a 253.00 d 21.20 a 6.55b

LSD 3.06 8.24 0.76 0.51Signi highest yield (8.54 mt/ha) were obtained in spacing 25x 25 cm. Similarly number of tillers per hill was highest 30x30 cm but not significantly difference from 25x 25cm. Significantly highest effective tiller per m2 was obtained in 30x30 cm2 followed by 25x25cm2

(Table 2) (Uphoff and Fernandes, 2002) , Menete et al. (2008), (Karki, et.al.,2009) have simialr findings

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Results and discussions

Ages ofseedling (day)

Tiller perhill

Effectivetiller perm2

TGW(gm)

Yield(MT/ha)

8 days 40.00a 373.00a 21.10a 7.80a

15 days 34.00b 346.60b 20.80a 7.40a

22 days 10.00c 123.00c 21.05a 6.50b

Yield parameters in relation with age of seedlings

22 days 10.00c 123.00c 21.05a 6.50b

29 days 8.00c 93.60d 21.00a 6.30b

LSDvalue

2.94** 13.32** 1.06 0.78**

significantly highest yield in the 8 days old seedling (7.8 Mt/ha) and lowest in 29 days old seedling but which is not significantly difference from 22 days old seedling. Similarly tiller per hill, effective tiller per m2 were also significantly highest in 8 days old seedlings than other and lowest in 29 days old seedlings. Krishna and Biradarpatil (2009, (Singh et al., 2004),Pasuquin et al (2008) ,Mchugh (2002) ,Makarin et al., 2002),(Mandel et al., 1984) find yield difference a/c to age

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Results and discussionsCost of cultivation, net returns and B:C ration according to different spacings in Kailali, 2010.

Gross return, net return and B:C ratio were found significantly highest in 8 days of seedlings.

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Cost of cultivation, net returns and B:C ration according to different spacing in Kailali, 2010.

Spacing cm1

Economic analysisCost of

Cultivation (RS/ha ('000)

Gross return Rs/ha

('000)

Net return Rs./ha ('000)

B:C ration

Results and discussions

('000)15x15 46.000 90.00c 59.71c 1.29b

20x20 45.000 102.60b 55.10b 1.28b

25x25 45.100 128.10a 83.35a 1.84a

30x30 44.000 98.25b 54.25b 1.23b

lsd 7.69* 7.69* 0.08*Sem ± 2.55 2.55 0.02

Gross return, net return and B:C ratio were found significantly highest in 25 cm × 25 cm crop geometry and found more profitable. It is due to highest yield.

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The experiments clearly revealed that younger seedlingstransplanted in 8 days old with a plant density of 25 cm × 25cm with SRI technique resulted into maximum productionwith good economic returns of rice.

Thus the SRI technique can be extended to a larger ricegrowing area consisting of small landholding farmers andthereby maximizing total production of rice, ultimately

Conclusions & Recomendations

thereby maximizing total production of rice, ultimatelycontributing to national food security.

Our NARS should recognized the technology and endorsethe technology by doing test, verification, and making itmore suitable to the farmers of wide climate range in Nepal.

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Acknowledgements' The authors are thankful to Mr. Rajendra Uperty, DADO;

Jhapa, Taralal Lama, Human Kabir and Ikshan Sulaiman and Harischandra Devkota; Emergency and Rehabilitation Coordination Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization (ERCU/FAO), and European Union Food Facility Nepal for the technical and financial support, and Hari Psd Acharya, Sharmila Devkota, Surya Bdr. Basnet, Gyan Bdr. Chaudhary, Sharmila Devkota, Surya Bdr. Basnet, Gyan Bdr. Chaudhary, Sumitra Shahi and Chandra Dev Joshi for their cordial help in collecting data from SRI farmers field school in Kailali, 2010.

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Some Photographs

At seedling stage ( 10 Woman carrying seedling

Project officers at weederindustry , Jharkhand, India. such 875 weeder has been purchased At seedling stage ( 10

Days) , Ramsikharjhala

Woman carrying seedling at transplanting stage

875 weeder has been purchased and distributed to diff. 10 district of Nepal during 09/10.

First and 2nd weeding stageFarmers Lalku Kathariya in his SRI field at Lalbojhi, Kailali

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Some Photographs

Farmer Lalku Katharia at his SRI field and good harvesting of rice cultivated under CA members

Farmer Lalku Katharia at his SRI field and good harvesting of rice cultivated under principles of SRI at Lalbojhi, Kailali

Australian ambassador Susan Gresh and EU FF project ,manager Marine Michahud inaugurating rice harvest in SRI FFS

Snr. Rice scientist S. P. Khatiwada talking with TV reporter in SRI FFS, Pahlmanpur

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Some Photographs ( High Level mission at SRI field)

EU Ambassador AlexgenderSpachis in SRI field LalbojhiKailali

Senior Politicians and CA members , DevendraPodel, RabindraAdhikari, HariRoka, RamesLekhak etc in SRI FFS Khailad an Darakh Kailali

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Some Photographs (High Level meeting on SRI at

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative)

In Photographs: Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives: Harinaryan Yadav, CA members, Rabindra Adhikari, Ramesh Lekhak, Hari Roka, Crop director S. Pokhrel, Crop & HorticlutreCrop director S. Pokhrel, Crop & Horticlutredirector, N. P. Adhikary, Deputy director general of DoA; Mohan Bdr. Thapa, Secretary of MOAC , N. Chaudary, DADO Jhapa; R, Uperty, FAYA Progra. coordinator, R.B. Khadka, etc.

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Thank You For

Your AttentionYour Attention

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