SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

PREPARED BY:WAN SAMIRAH BAHIAH

BINTI MUHAMMADPISMP MATHEMATICS 1

SEM 4

STUCTURALISM/BEHAVIORISM

Start in 1940s and 1950s by Leonard Bloomfield, Edward Sapir and Charles Hockett.Structural or descriptive school of linguisticsScientific principle of observation of human languagesSubject to investigation: only publicly observable responsesLanguage could be dismantled into small pieces or units and these units could be described scientifically, contrasted, and added up again to form the whole.

RATIONALISM AND COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY

Generative transformational school of linguistics: Noam Chomsky.Human language cannot be scrutinized simply in terms of observable stimuli and responses or the volumes of raw data gathered by field linguists.Interested not only in describing language but also in arriving at an explanatory level of adequacy in the study of language.Important distinction between the observable aspects of language and the hidden levels of meaning and thought that give birth or generate observable linguistic performance.Cognitive psychologies sought to discover underlying motivations and deeper structure of human behavior by using a rational approach (empirical study)

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Jean Piaget and Lev Vigotsky. They differ in the extent to which each emphasizes social context.Piaget stressed the importance of individual cognitive development as a relatively solitary act.Biological timetables and stages of development; social interaction was claimed only to trigger development at the right moment in timeVygotsky: social interaction was foundational in cognitive development and rejected the emotion of predetermined stages.

SUMMARY

TIME FRAME SCHOOL OF THOUGHT TYPICAL THEMES

Early 1900s& 1940s & 1950s

Structural & behaviorism

DescriptionObservable perfomanceScientific methodEmpricismSurface structureConditioning,reinforcement

1960s & 1970s Rationalism & cognitive psycology

Generative linguisticsAcquisition, innatenessInterlanguage systematicityUniversal grammar

1980s,1990s& early 2000

constructivism Interactive discourseSociocultural variableCooperative group learningInterlanguage variability

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