Recording Form Section B

B6-B9: Recording the Panel

Preparing the panel (See GS4)

Please do not ‘Excavate’ panels (no matter how tempting!) Pull back turf/heather Clean away lichen and moss Use any ‘hard’ tools

x

Please don’t do this!

‘Cleaning’

Before recording, and especially before photography you should:

brush away loose material (e.g. sheep droppings, dead leaves)

trim away overhanging stems, long grass around the edges

soak up any excess water

B6 Panel Details

Dimensions (may be different to IAG) Maximum W, L, H In m, to nearest cm,

e.g. 1.24 m

Max Height

LengthLength

Width

Plan view

Profile

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B6 Panel Details

Geology All sedimentary, ‘Millstone Grit Series’?

Natural features Fissures, hollows, channels, bedding planes Dominant direction of fissures

Fissures

• The result of mechanical weathering (freeze-thaw) or pressure of tree roots

• The presence of fissures, and the type of ‘frames’ they form may influence the motifs applied to the rock surface.

Fissure ‘star’, Grasmere, Cumbria.

Hollows In sedimentary rocks, natural circular hollows can

occur as a result of:

differential erosion

concretions - cementing material precipitates

around an organic nucleus

They often appear in rows, concentrated along bedding planes.

Cup marksNatural hollows

Bedding planes

Many sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers that geologists call strata or ‘bedding planes’. Each one represents the sea bed or land surface at the time it was laid down.

The bedding planes were originally deposited horizontally but when the Earth’s crust moves they may become tilted and folded.

Waves and ripples at Loweswater, Cumbria.

Weathering channels/fluting

Dissolution of soluble rock surface by acids in the water which flows across it.

Smooth and rounded (as opposed to fissures - sharp and angular).

The term ‘fluting’ is applied to the same phenomenon where it occurs in the vertical plane.

B6 Panel Details

Analysing sandstone

Different ‘types’ of sandstone with different sand grain sizes and different qualities of hardness related to how these sand grains are cemented together

Implications for conservation and management decay rates biological growths present

B6 Analysing sandstone

Surface compactness

Unconsolidated – flaky and falling apart

Very friable – leaves grains on your fingers

Friable – leaves just a few grains

Hard – no traces of grains

Please test this away from the motifs!

B6 Analysing sandstone

Grain size- use your card and lens

The grains are quite small (roughly 0.5-2mm) and rounded, and can usually be seen clearly with a hand lens.

B6 Analysing sandstone (see GS6)

White/cream/browny-orange grains. Generally rectangular. Can make up about 20% of sandstones. Usually in local sandstones the feldspar has decayed is stained browny-red. Often these grains are simply washed away, leaving neat rectangular gaps in the rock

Feldspar

Thin sheets of highly reflective grains, usually white-buff in colour (muscovite), usually found along bedding surfaces in fine sandstones (these become layers of weakness along which fine sandstones can be split

Mica

Transparent/white, usually near spherical (80-100% of grains in sandstones, usually >95%)

Quartz

Sandstone (with mica): A fairly fine-grained sandstone made of rather angular grains of quartz and feldspar (feldspar looks more cloudy). Narrow flakes of mica, seen edge-on, and slightly crumpled, lie on bedding planes.

Panel Notes (B7) & Panel Plan (B8)

Easiest to do plan first, then refer to it in notes

Many panels to be recorded will already have a panel plan and profile created by the IAG – these will be provided (may need scanning)

There is no requirement to produce a new plan, however, the IAG drawings were made between 1976 and 2002, and so may need updating

B8 Panel Plan cont.

The following checks should be made and the existing plan clearly annotated to show any changes:

Turf line. Vegetation may have encroached on the panel, or it may have receded..

Graffiti or other damage.

Additional motifs. This may be because more of the surface has been exposed.

Motifs which are no longer visible. This may be because they have become extremely eroded.

B8 Panel Plan – IAG drawing

Also add:

Either a scale or measurements

Profiles & indicate x-sections

North arrow

1.60m

1.2

8m

0.35m

B8 Panel Plan – no IAG drawing

Should provide an approx. record of the panel and the motifs to help with future identification.

It is not an accurate record and does not need to be completed in fine detail or be highly artistic.

You may prefer to use a soft pencil to create the sketch but please trace over this with stronger black lines. This will ensure that the sketch can be easily scanned for inclusion in the database.

A continuation sheet (RF1a) is available for large panels.

You will need to make a measured plan of the stone to scale, showing the shape, the location and relationship of the motifs and natural features (fissures, hollows etc.).

B8 Panel Plan – no IAG drawing

Before you start, work out a scale so that the panel fills most of the available space

Small panels can be drawn at 1:10 (1m = 10cm) but larger panels may need to be drawn at 1:20 (1m = 5cm) or smaller scales

Remember to note the scale and add a North arrow in the box provided

Start with the outline and then fill in the detail

Always colour in cups so they cannot be confused with rings

B8 Panel Plan

B8 Panel Plan

EW Tape

B7 Panel Notes (See also GS14)

IAG description plus your own observations

Combined notes should provide a concise description of the panel, summarising: the immediate context; the shape and size of the panel; the position and nature of the motifs; the natural features on the rock surface; and any other comments observations or

impressions.

Use the continuation box on page 6 if needed.

IAG Description

“Small, flat, weathered rock. About eight cups, two basins and three grooves [IAG2003]”

Panel Notes cont.

Avoid using unhelpful terms like ‘large’ or ‘small’

Do use relative terms like ‘larger’ or ‘deeper’, for example ‘A cup in the NE corner is surrounded by four smaller, shallower cups’

If it helps, include measurements such as diameters or distances (not essential)

Panel Notes cont.

Please do not include overly critical comments about previous records.

Use a neutral phrase such as ‘the motif cannot currently be detected’.

f you strongly disagree about the nature of motifs recorded you may wish to include a comment such as ‘the cup may have natural origins’ or ‘a natural origin cannot be discounted’.

It is extremely difficult to be completely sure in many cases.

B7 Panel Notes

B9 Motifs

B9 Motifs

Motifs

Motifs

2 cups, 1 dumb-bell

1 cup

1 curving l ine of cups

1 serpentine groove.

1 groove and cups

1 paral lel domino

2 clusters?

Motifs

1 cup with mult iple ring

2 cups

2 cup clusters

1 arc

2 cups

1 cup and mult iple ring1 l inear groove

Describe in Panel Notes

Motifs

18 cups, 8 cup+1ring,1 cup+groove, 1 l inear groove

Motifs

31 cups, 2 cup+1ring,1 cup+arc, 11 l inear grooves