Sharing and Open Knowledge and the Future of Scientific

ResearchHiroaki Kitano

The Systems Biology Institute

Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.

EGF Receptor Cascade

Oda, et al. Molecular Systems Biology, 2005

Architectural Feature

Kitano, Nature Reviews Genetics, Nov. 2004

Copyright ©2007 by the National Academy of Sciences

Kim, Pan-Jun et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 13638-13642

Fig. 1. Characteristics of essential and nonessential metabolites in E. coli metabolism

Ma et al, Molecular Systems Biology, Sept 2007

Bow-Tie Architecture of Wikipedia links

Capocci, et al., Phys Rev. E 74, 036116, 2006

EGF Receptor Cascade

Oda, et al. Molecular Systems Biology, 2005

Oda, et al. Molecular Systems Biology, 2005

TLR Bow-Tie Structure

Oda and Kitano, Molecular Systems Biology, April 2006

低下する製薬産業の生産性

Copyright ©2003 by the National Academy of Sciences

Borisy, Alexis A. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7977-7982

Multicomponent therapeutics that prevent proliferation of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans

CombinatoRX (CRXX: NASDAQ) cHTS

Copyright ©2003 by the National Academy of Sciences

Borisy, Alexis A. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7977-7982

Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic agent, and pentamidine, an antiprotozoal agent, together selectively prevent tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo

Phase 1/2A Stage

Copyright ©2003 by the National Academy of Sciences

Borisy, Alexis A. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7977-7982

Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic agent, and pentamidine, an antiprotozoal agent, together selectively prevent tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo

Phase 1/2A Stage

Efficacy

朝鮮人参の成分分析

Wang, M. et al., Phytother Res. 2005 Mar;19(3):173-82

Open Pharma• Combination of Generic compounds to

generate highly effective drugs• Equivalent efficacy by partial replacement

of compounds• Value lies in “Combination” rather than

compound itself.

• Toward open source pharmaceutical industry

The Rule of the Game Will Change

“PAYAO”Web 2.0 Community Tagging System

to SBML models

Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyThe Systems Biology Institute

“PAYAO”

• an artificial floating raft where fish congregate

Payao: Web2.0 Community-Based Biological Knowledge Accumulation System

SBML Models Tagging System

*CellDesigner files

PAYAOSBML Models Tagging System

Manage Models,

Users,Groups

SBML files

Register a model

Store models, Tags, Comments

Login Users

VisitorsModel OwnerAdd Comments

Add/Edit Tags

to the model

View Models withCellDesigner notation

Group A

Group B

Model View

Model View with Tag Marks

Tag

View a Tag

Add Comments to a Tag

View Comments to a Tag

PubMed ID Link

Healthcare & Wellness ConciergeGenome Diagnosis(23 and me)

Wellness(India, etc)

Personalized & Preventive medicine

How to integratemedicine and wellness?

Herbal medicine, meditation, etc.

Novel Drug Design and Integrated Healthcare Support

Summary

• Networks are complex but has sort of “design principles”

• Long tail drug need to be pursued to create more effective drugs

• Open Pharma may open up a whole new paradigm of drug design, distribution, and services.

• Open infrastructure is the key for success