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History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Fordham Research Contributors: M. Fairfax, J. Gomez, B. Huntington, G. Robertson
1992 1998 1999 2001 2003 1991
SMART Technologies Inc. introduces the first
SMART Board
SMART Technologies Inc. introduces the first
SMART Board
SMART introduces SMART Notebook
software 2.0
Intel Inc. becomes a minority investor in SMART
Technologies
SMART unveils Airliner wirless slate
2005 2007 2009
Board Historical Timeline
SMART introduces first Plasma
SMART Board
SMART introduces first Plasma
SMART Board
SMARTBoard for flat-panel display debuted
SMART Senteo Interactive Response
System debutes
SMART Board software with SMART Redorder debutes
Dual touch SMARTBoard is introduced
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
SMARTBoard Components and Tools
http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
How SMARTBoard software is used in classrooms today
SMARTBoard Math Tools SMART Response Interactive System
SMART Classroom Suite Interactive learning software
SMART Notebook Collaborative learning software
http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
How are SMARTBoard used in classrooms today?
Science Class
Math Class
Reading Lesson
http://www.ehow.com/about_5101358_smart-boards-used-classroom.html
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Student Learning Facilitated by SMARTBoard
• Active engagement
• Participation in groups
• Frequent interaction and feedback
• Connections to real-world contextsEx., Penmanship and shape production
• (Roschelle, Pea, Hoadley, Gordin, & Means, 2000; Levy, 2002).
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Types of Learning Facilitated by SMARTBoards
•Visual Learning Edwards et al. (2002)
Ex., Understanding fractions
•Auditory Learning Miller & Glover (2002) Ex., Student /teacher presentations, videos, and music. Auditory feedback
Audio-visual pathway problems?
api.ning.com/.../SMARTBoardsKES006.jpg
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Types of Learning Facilitated by SMART Boards
Tactile Learning
Use of the SMARTBoard pens, fingers instead of mouse to advance applications and presentations
ex., Smith (2001) handwriting study
But does the actual touch enhance learning?
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMART Boards
Multimedia PrincipleRetention is improved through the use of words
AND pictures, rather than words alone.
• http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?id=xee4851ecebf04385a99ccc06612e49cd
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMARTBoard
Modality Principle Students learn better from animation and narration than
from animation and on-screen text
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMART Boards
Direct Manipulation PrincipleAs the complexity of the materials increase, the impact
of direct manipulation of the learning materials (animation, pacing) on transfer also increases.
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Possible Changes to Better Incorporate more Multimedia Principles
• Teachers and professionals who have plans to use SMART Board technology in their classrooms need to receive training
• Technological training• Effective multimedia lesson designing to maximize student
learning, and minimize design effects
• Redundancy• Individual Differences
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards
The Constructivism PrincipleStudents build their knowledge by processing the
information they receive - making connection between what they know and what they learn
• Ex., Teaching with "Balloons”
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards
The Context Principle
What students construct depends on the context including the students’ mental states
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards
The Change Principle
Producing significant conceptual change is difficult but can be facilitated through a
variety of known mechanisms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZjHX_DZEl4
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards
The Distribution Function Principle
Individuals show a significant variation in their style of learning along a number of dimensions
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
• Mike we need to solve a math problem:
9 + 11 – 1 = ?
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
• Mike we need to say a math problem:
9 + 11 – 1 = 10
Good Job!
BUT: (sin90)(log100)-1
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards
The Social Learning Principle
For most students, learning is most effectively carried out via social interactions
Ex.,
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
QUESTIONS?
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
References• Bates, C., Hopkins, A., Kratcoski, A. (2007). Using SMART Boards to Enhance
Student Learning. Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology (RCET), 3, 48-51.
• Carey, D., Tablet PC Senses Where, Who. Electronic Engineer Times. December 2006. pg. S94. Retrieved from Lexus-Nexus database October 17, 2010.http://www.lexisnexis.com.avoserv.library.fordham.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=8406&sr=lni%284MGW-D4M0-TX6Y-W28Y%29
• Edwards J.-A., Hartnell M. & Martin R. (2002) Interactive whiteboards: some lessons from the classroom. Micro- maths 18, 30–33.
• Industry News. Sound and Video Contractor. May 2006. pg.15. Retrieved from Lexus-Nexus database October 17, 2010.
• Levy P. (2002) Interactive whiteboards in learning and teaching in two Sheffield schools: a developmental study. Available at: http://www.shef.ac.uk/eirg/projects/ wboards. Accessed 10/22/2010.
• Mayer, R., (2005). The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press
• Roschelle, J., Pea, R., Hoadley, C., Gordin, D., & Means, B. (2000). Changing how and what children learn in school with computer-based technologies. The Future of Children: Children and Computer Technology, 10, 76-101.
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications
References• SMART Technologies Support - Product Index - SMART Notebook collaborative
learning software. Retrieved online October 17, 2010. http://www.smarttech.com/us/Support/Browse+Support/Product+Index/Software+Products/SMART+Notebook
• Smith H. (2001) SMARTBoard evaluation: final report.• Smith, Higgins, and Wall. (2005). Interactive whiteboards: boon or bandwagon? A
critical review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 91–101.
• Tufte, E.R., The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint: Pitching Out Corrupts Within, Second Edition. Graphics Press, 2 edition.
• How are Smart Boards used in class? Retrieved October 17, 2010. http://www.ehow.com/about_5101358_smart-boards-used-classroom.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEsqs4cJXwA&feature=related• http://api.ning.com/.../SMARTBoardsKES006.jpeg• http://www.ivci.com/videoconferencing-rear-projection-smart-board-2000i.html• http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?
id=xee4851ecebf04385a99ccc06612e49cd
History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications