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History Cognitive Principles Student Learning Applications Fordham Research Contributors: M. Fairfax, J. Gomez, B. Huntington, G. Robertson

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History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

Fordham Research Contributors: M. Fairfax, J. Gomez, B. Huntington, G. Robertson

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1992 1998 1999 2001 2003 1991

SMART Technologies Inc. introduces the first

SMART Board

SMART Technologies Inc. introduces the first

SMART Board

SMART introduces SMART Notebook

software 2.0

Intel Inc. becomes a minority investor in SMART

Technologies

SMART unveils Airliner wirless slate

2005 2007 2009

Board Historical Timeline

SMART introduces first Plasma

SMART Board

SMART introduces first Plasma

SMART Board

SMARTBoard for flat-panel display debuted

SMART Senteo Interactive Response

System debutes

SMART Board software with SMART Redorder debutes

Dual touch SMARTBoard is introduced

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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SMARTBoard Components and Tools

http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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How SMARTBoard software is used in classrooms today

SMARTBoard Math Tools SMART Response Interactive System

SMART Classroom Suite Interactive learning software

SMART Notebook Collaborative learning software

http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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How are SMARTBoard used in classrooms today?

Science Class

Math Class

Reading Lesson

http://www.ehow.com/about_5101358_smart-boards-used-classroom.html

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Student Learning Facilitated by SMARTBoard

• Active engagement

• Participation in groups

• Frequent interaction and feedback

• Connections to real-world contextsEx., Penmanship and shape production

• (Roschelle, Pea, Hoadley, Gordin, & Means, 2000; Levy, 2002).

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Types of Learning Facilitated by SMARTBoards

•Visual Learning Edwards et al. (2002)

Ex., Understanding fractions

•Auditory Learning Miller & Glover (2002) Ex., Student /teacher presentations, videos, and music. Auditory feedback

Audio-visual pathway problems?

api.ning.com/.../SMARTBoardsKES006.jpg

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Types of Learning Facilitated by SMART Boards

Tactile Learning

Use of the SMARTBoard pens, fingers instead of mouse to advance applications and presentations

ex., Smith (2001) handwriting study

But does the actual touch enhance learning?

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMART Boards

Multimedia PrincipleRetention is improved through the use of words

AND pictures, rather than words alone.

• http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?id=xee4851ecebf04385a99ccc06612e49cd

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMARTBoard

Modality Principle Students learn better from animation and narration than

from animation and on-screen text

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Multimedia Principles In the Use of SMART Boards

Direct Manipulation PrincipleAs the complexity of the materials increase, the impact

of direct manipulation of the learning materials (animation, pacing) on transfer also increases.

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Possible Changes to Better Incorporate more Multimedia Principles

• Teachers and professionals who have plans to use SMART Board technology in their classrooms need to receive training

• Technological training• Effective multimedia lesson designing to maximize student

learning, and minimize design effects

• Redundancy• Individual Differences

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards

The Constructivism PrincipleStudents build their knowledge by processing the

information they receive - making connection between what they know and what they learn

• Ex., Teaching with "Balloons”

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards

The Context Principle

What students construct depends on the context including the students’ mental states

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards

The Change Principle

Producing significant conceptual change is difficult but can be facilitated through a

variety of known mechanisms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZjHX_DZEl4

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards

The Distribution Function Principle

Individuals show a significant variation in their style of learning along a number of dimensions

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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• Mike we need to solve a math problem:

9 + 11 – 1 = ?

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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• Mike we need to say a math problem:

9 + 11 – 1 = 10

Good Job!

BUT: (sin90)(log100)-1

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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Cognitive Principles of Smart Boards

The Social Learning Principle

For most students, learning is most effectively carried out via social interactions

Ex.,

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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QUESTIONS?

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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References• Bates, C., Hopkins, A., Kratcoski, A. (2007). Using SMART Boards to Enhance

Student Learning. Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology (RCET), 3, 48-51.

• Carey, D., Tablet PC Senses Where, Who. Electronic Engineer Times. December 2006. pg. S94. Retrieved from Lexus-Nexus database October 17, 2010.http://www.lexisnexis.com.avoserv.library.fordham.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=8406&sr=lni%284MGW-D4M0-TX6Y-W28Y%29

• Edwards J.-A., Hartnell M. & Martin R. (2002) Interactive whiteboards: some lessons from the classroom. Micro- maths 18, 30–33.

• Industry News. Sound and Video Contractor. May 2006. pg.15. Retrieved from Lexus-Nexus database October 17, 2010.

• Levy P. (2002) Interactive whiteboards in learning and teaching in two Sheffield schools: a developmental study. Available at: http://www.shef.ac.uk/eirg/projects/ wboards. Accessed 10/22/2010.

• Mayer, R., (2005). The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press

• Roschelle, J., Pea, R., Hoadley, C., Gordin, D., & Means, B. (2000). Changing how and what children learn in school with computer-based technologies. The Future of Children: Children and Computer Technology, 10, 76-101.

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications

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References• SMART Technologies Support - Product Index - SMART Notebook collaborative

learning software. Retrieved online October 17, 2010. http://www.smarttech.com/us/Support/Browse+Support/Product+Index/Software+Products/SMART+Notebook

• Smith H. (2001) SMARTBoard evaluation: final report.• Smith, Higgins, and Wall. (2005). Interactive whiteboards: boon or bandwagon? A

critical review of the literature. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 91–101.

• Tufte, E.R., The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint: Pitching Out Corrupts Within, Second Edition. Graphics Press, 2 edition.

• How are Smart Boards used in class? Retrieved October 17, 2010. http://www.ehow.com/about_5101358_smart-boards-used-classroom.html

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEsqs4cJXwA&feature=related• http://api.ning.com/.../SMARTBoardsKES006.jpeg• http://www.ivci.com/videoconferencing-rear-projection-smart-board-2000i.html• http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?

id=xee4851ecebf04385a99ccc06612e49cd

History Cognitive PrinciplesStudent LearningApplications