Smart Cities: The Meeting Point between Future Internet and Societal Innovation

PART I: Why Smart Cities?

Mirko Presser @mirkopresser Head of Research and Innovation Smart City Lab Alexandra Instituttet A/S

SMARTCITY 2014

Weiner Bros., Silvercup Studios, Lionsgate Television and AMC Studios please don’t sue me!

h"p://www.reuters.com/middle-­‐class-­‐infographic  

“From  horse  power  to  horsepower”  by  Eric  Morris  

150,000  litres  of  urine  

What makes a city smart?

smart!/smärt/ !!Adjective!Having or showing a quick-witted intelligence.!!Verb!(of a wound or part of the body) Cause a sharp, stinging pain: “the wound was smarting”.!!Noun!Intelligence; acumen.!!Synonyms!adjective. sharp – clever – shrewd – quick – stylish – elegant !verb. hurt – ache – sting – tingle – pain – prickle !noun. pain – ache – grief – sting!! !

@mirkopresser

What kind of city do you want to live in?

Smarter cities of the future will drive sustainable economic growth. Their leaders have the tools to analyze data for better decisions, anticipate problems to resolve them proactively and coordinate resources to operate effectively.

- IBM

h"p://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_ciEes/overview/  accessed  16/04/2014  

That’s why Siemens […] develops solutions that bring together different technologies, applications and devices to help you managing the daily challenges of a modern city, such as rising crime rates, urban sprawl or traffic congestion. Utilizing state-of-the-art communication technology, we give those who are in charge the right tools to do their jobs - no matter if it is the dispatcher of a police or disaster recovery force, the engineer who controls the public lighting system, or the city planner realizing his grand vision for the city of the 21st century.

- Siemens

h"ps://www.cee.siemens.com/web/at/en/csb/CVC/Your_Industry/smart-­‐city/Pages/smart-­‐city.aspxaccessed  16/04/2014  

Is this balanced?

010010111001100110101110001  

Decision  Maker  

CiEzens  

@mirkopresser

What kind of city do you want to live in?

Continuously innovating makes cities smart.

Frank J. Sprague (1857-1934) changed the face of the Earth with electric traction.

€  &    §   €  &    §   €  &    §  

€  &    §  

€  &    §   €  &    §   €  &    §  

h"p://www.arup.com/PublicaEons/InformaEon_Marketplaces_the_new_economics_of_ciEes.aspx    

Smart City Initiative Framework Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Value Assessment Individual project business cases

Some non-financial value assessment

Holistic value assessment social/environmental/financial

Holistic value assessment supporting diversification of funding sources

Governance Departmental governance structures

Some corss-departmental collaboration

Cross-departmental "Smart City" management positions in place

City-wide governance structures and shared performance targets combined with international

Strategic ICT Focus Limited ICT capability Some strategic focus on ICT ICT Vision for the CityICT vision and strategy overseen by dedicated City CIO

Citizen Engagement with Service Design Limited Citizen engagement Project-level, basic needs

analysis, pilotsCitizen feedback loops established

Citizen participation in integrated service design

IT project focus Little or no ICT projects Targeted ICT project investments (e.g. Smart Grid)

Integrated ICT investments (including embedded sensing, control and actuation)

Real-time city operations optimisations

Integraton of Data Streams No data integration Small scale data integration

Creative data mash-ups pulling data to a common platform

Open data and crowd-sourcing initiatives

Digital Service Provision

Little or no digial service provision Handful of digital services Integrated digital services

around the city environmentDiversity of cloud-based citizen services

Soft Infrastructure

Hard Infrastructure

0-5 years > 5 years

holis

tic

sect

or

safety  

security  

light  

annoyance  

anger-­‐management  counter  adverEsing  

communicaEons  

Street  Lights  as  a  service  sta.on  for  human  beings  

ubiquitous  real-­‐estate  

sensor  plaWorm  

power  source  

bike  parking  spot  

insect  hub  

city  hall  

research  ciEzens  industry  

Weiner Bros., Silvercup Studios, Lionsgate Television and AMC Studios please don’t sue me!

everyone  

procurem

ent  

organisa.o

n  

interope

rability  

respon

sibility  

partne

rships  

markets  

novelty

 ethics  

co-­‐crea.

on  

sustaina

bility  

•  UrbanisaEon  requires  smarter  ciEes,  >50%  food,  >45%  energy  and  >30%  water  

•  Balance  bo"om  up  with  top  down  

•  InnovaEon  makes  ciEes  smart,  today’s  innovaEon  is  the  digital  

•  Take  nothing  less  than  the  holisEc  smart  city  

Smart Cities: The Meeting Point between Future Internet and Societal Innovation

PART II: Open Data with Aarhus

Mirko Presser @mirkopresser Head of Research and Innovation Smart City Lab Alexandra Instituttet A/S

Hvorfor Aarhus? WHY AARHUS?

h"p://smart-­‐ciEes.eu/    

Eco Peo Gov Mob Env Liv RankLU Luxembourg 1 2 13 6 25 6 1DK Aarhus 4 1 6 9 20 12 2FI Turku 16 8 2 21 11 9 3DK Aalborg 17 4 4 11 26 11 4DK Odense 15 3 5 5 50 17 5FI Tampere 29 7 1 27 12 8 6FI Oulu 25 6 3 28 14 19 7NL Eindhoven 6 13 18 2 39 18 8AT Linz 5 25 11 14 28 7 9AT Salzburg 27 30 8 15 29 1 10FR Monpellier 30 23 33 24 1 16 11AT Innsbruck 28 35 9 8 40 3 12AT Graz 18 32 12 17 31 5 13NL Nijmegen 24 14 14 3 51 24 14NL Groningen 14 9 15 20 37 13 15BE Ghent 19 16 31 7 48 4 16SI Ljublijana 8 11 43 31 3 29 17

AU billede 1/5

1/3

Smart City Initiative Framework Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Value Assessment Individual project business cases

Some non-financial value assessment

Holistic value assessment social/environmental/financial

Holistic value assessment supporting diversification of funding sources

Governance Departmental governance structures

Some corss-departmental collaboration

Cross-departmental "Smart City" management positions in place

City-wide governance structures and shared performance targets combined with international

Strategic ICT Focus Limited ICT capability Some strategic focus on ICT ICT Vision for the CityICT vision and strategy overseen by dedicated City CIO

Citizen Engagement with Service Design Limited Citizen engagement Project-level, basic needs

analysis, pilotsCitizen feedback loops established

Citizen participation in integrated service design

IT project focus Little or no ICT projects Targeted ICT project investments (e.g. Smart Grid)

Integrated ICT investments (including embedded sensing, control and actuation)

Real-time city operations optimisations

Integraton of Data Streams No data integration Small scale data integration

Creative data mash-ups pulling data to a common platform

Open data and crowd-sourcing initiatives

Digital Service Provision

Little or no digial service provision Handful of digital services Integrated digital services

around the city environmentDiversity of cloud-based citizen services

Soft Infrastructure

Hard Infrastructure

Smart City Initiative Framework Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Value Assessment Individual project business cases

Some non-financial value assessment

Holistic value assessment social/environmental/financial

Holistic value assessment supporting diversification of funding sources

Governance Departmental governance structures

Some cross-departmental collaboration

Cross-departmental "Smart City" management positions in place

City-wide governance structures and shared performance targets combined with international

Strategic ICT Focus Limited ICT capability Some strategic focus on ICT ICT Vision for the CityICT vision and strategy overseen by dedicated City CIO

Citizen Engagement with Service Design Limited Citizen engagement Project-level, basic needs

analysis, pilotsCitizen feedback loops established

Citizen participation in integrated service design

IT project focus Little or no ICT projects Targeted ICT project investments (e.g. Smart Grid)

Integrated ICT investments (including embedded sensing, control and actuation)

Real-time city operations optimisations

Integraton of Data Streams No data integration Small scale data integration

Creative data mash-ups pulling data to a common platform

Open data and crowd-sourcing initiatives

Digital Service Provision

Little or no digial service provision Handful of digital services Integrated digital services

around the city environmentDiversity of cloud-based citizen services

Soft Infrastructure

Hard Infrastructure

h"p://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publicaEons/ig_data/pdfs/MGI_big_data_full_report.pdf    

Untapped Value Silos’ Value

h"p://citydashboard.alexandra.dk/Dashboard/    

“Open  data  is  data  that  can  be  freely  used,  reused  and  redistributed  by  anyone  –  subject  only,  at  most,  to  the  requirement  to  a"ribute  

and  sharealike.”  (opendefiniEon.org)    

What  is  open  data?  

•  Availability  and  Access:  the  data  must  be  available  as  a  whole  and  at  no  more  than  a  reasonable  reproducEon  cost,  preferably  by  downloading  over  the  internet.  The  data  must  also  be  available  in  a  convenient  and  modifiable  form.  

•  Reuse  and  Redistribu.on:  the  data  must  be  provided  under  terms  that  permit  reuse  and  redistribuEon  including  the  intermixing  with  other  datasets.  

•  Universal  Par.cipa.on:  everyone  must  be  able  to  use,  reuse  and  redistribute  -­‐  there  should  be  no  discriminaEon  against  fields  of  endeavour  or  against  persons  or  groups.    

What  is  open  data?  

•  Availability  and  Access:  the  data  must  be  available  as  a  whole  and  at  no  more  than  a  reasonable  reproducEon  cost,  preferably  by  downloading  over  the  internet.  The  data  must  also  be  available  in  a  convenient  and  modifiable  form.  

•  Reuse  and  Redistribu.on:  the  data  must  be  provided  under  terms  that  permit  reuse  and  redistribuEon  including  the  intermixing  with  other  datasets.  

•  Universal  Par.cipa.on:  everyone  must  be  able  to  use,  reuse  and  redistribute  -­‐  there  should  be  no  discriminaEon  against  fields  of  endeavour  or  against  persons  or  groups.  For  example,  ‘non-­‐commercial’  restricEons  that  would  prevent  ‘commercial’  use,  or  restricEons  of  use  for  certain  purposes  (e.g.  only  in  educaEon),  are  not  allowed.  

What  is  open  data?  

•  Sir  Tim  Berners-­‐Lee’s  5  stars  of  openness1  – Make  stuff  available:  

1.  on  the  web  (under  an  open  license)  2.  as  structured  data  3.  in  non-­‐proprietary  formats  4.  as  URI’s  5.  by  linking  data  to  other  data  

What  is  open  data?  

1  h"p://5stardata.info/  

People  

City  Hall  

Busi-­‐ness  

transparency  empowering  

reducing  costs  

new  economy  $3  trillion  of  annual  added  value1    

 

1  h"p://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/open_data_unlocking_  innovaEon_and_performance_with_liquid_informaEon  (october  2013)  

Why  do  open  data?  

•  The  Department  of  Energy  and  Climate  Change  (DECC)  has  combined  official  staEsEcs  on  fuel  poverty  and  energy  consumpEon,  as  well  as  open  data  from  the  energy  market,  to  produce  maps  that  help  ciEzens  and  businesses  visualise  the  effect  of  green  policies  and  encourage  uptake  of  the  ‘green  deal’.  [read  the  case  study]      

•  The  Open  Data  InsEtute  has  been  working  with  numerous  peer-­‐to-­‐peer  lenders,  such  as  Zopa,  RateSe"er  and  Funding  Circle,  to  increase  visibility  of  this  new  financial  market,  which  may  enhance  customer  trust  and  reduce  the  need  for  restric.ve  regula.ons.  [read  the  case  study]      

•  Transport  API,  developed  by  Placr,  brings  together  travel  data  from  across  the  UK’s  transport  network  to  provide  comprehensive  informaEon  and  consultancy  services  that  businesses  can  use  to  keep  their  customers  informed  and  avoid  unnecessary  disrupEon.  [read  the  case  study]  

Why  do  open  data?  (UK)  

h"p://data.gov.uk/blog/open-­‐data-­‐case-­‐studies-­‐and-­‐Eme-­‐machines%E2%80%A6    

h"ps://openspending.org/ukgov-­‐finances-­‐cra  

UK  Country  Regional  Analysis  

h"p://swsl.uni-­‐muenster.de/pegelar/  

PegelAR  -­‐  river  level  data  in  Augmented  Reality  

h"p://trainEmes.org.uk/map/tube/  

Live  London  Underground  map  by  MaDhew  Somerville  

”We  are  using  these  maps  to  idenEfy  the  areas  tourists  take  pictures  and  make  sure  they  are  properly  cleaned  up.”    

-­‐  someone  from  Barcelona  City  Hall  

Eric  Fischer  “Locals  and  Tourists”  

The  Open  Data  Index  is  an  iniEaEve  of  the  Open  Knowledge  FoundaEon  based  on  contribuEons  from  open  data  advocates  and  experts  around  the  world.  The  Index  results  are  a  fixed  snapshot  from  October  28th,  2013,  compiled  from  the  data  collected  from  the  naEonal  Open  Data  Census.  

•  Dead/poliEcal  data  

•  Real-­‐Eme  data  –  How  oven  does  data  need  to  be  updated?  

•  Data  typically  has  a  very  high  granularity  of  informaEon  about  e.g.  individuals  –  Privacy!  

•  Data  quality  degrades  as  we  remove  granularity,  e.g.  anonymisaEon  of  data.  

Data  Quality  and  Privacy  

•  Smart  Aarhus  is  a  partnership  of  people  to  change  mindsets  and  sEmulate  growth.  

•  Open  Data  is  not  a  technology,  but  a  movement  to  balance  the  relaEonship  between  decision  makers  and  ciEzens.  

•  Open  Data  is  about  accessibility,  reusability  and  universal  parEcipaEon.  

•  Open  Data  can  become  the  link  between  the  silos  or  a  silo  in  itself  –  it’s  up  to  us.  

Mirko  Presser            @mirkopresser  Head  of  Research  and  InnovaEon  Smart  City  Lab  Alexandra  InsEtu"et  A/S    E:  mirko.presser@alexandra.dk  M:  +45  30  49  09  76  web  en:  www.alexandra.dk/uk