Submarine Amplifiers and Systems

Submarine Systems and Amplifiers

II Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking

padtec.com

Stefan TenenbaumPadtec R&D

[email protected].: + 55 19 2104.9651

Topics to be covered

• Padtec Introduction

• Submarine Systems

• High-reliability Request

• Optical Submarine Line Amplifiers

Padtec S/A © 2012 Todos os Direitos Reservados

• Branching Unit

• Supervisory System

• Future Trends in Submarine Systems

• Operation started in August 2001.

• Largest Optical Networking Manufacturer in Brazil.

• Revenue: rd USD 160M.

Padtec S/AHigh capacity optical transport solutions

Padtec S/A © 2012 Todos os Direitos Reservados 3

• Global supplier: equipment and solutions sold in 42 countries.

• Productivity: revenue of USD 400 k per employee per year.

• R&D investment: 15% of revenue.

Padtec S/AProfile

• Focus: dedicated to the development, manufacturing and sales of optic communication systems.

• Flexibility: custom solutions with competitive


• National Capacity and Knowledge: high technology with Brazilian R&D.

solutions with competitive prices.

Padtec S/AWorldwide solutions

A imagem não pode ser exibida. Talvez o computador não tenha memória suficiente para abrir a imagem ou talvez ela esteja corrompida. Reinicie o computador e abra o arquivo novamente. Se ainda assim aparecer o x vermelho, poderá ser necessário excluir a imagem e inseri-la novamente.


• Headquarters: Campinas, SP – Brazil.• Regional offices: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília• Foreign offices: Argentina, Mexico, Peru, France, Italy and Israel

Padtec S/ASubsidiaries

Civcom® is a pioneer in the

development and manufacturing of

high speed tunable transponders

and dispersion compensation Opto-

electronic components and

WxBr is a high technology wireless

telecommunication company,

dedicated to development,

manufacturing and sales of

products and solutions for

PSG Telecom is a professional

services company focused in optical

communication networks. PSG

Telecom provides innovation and

technology expertise applied in

Civcom WxBR PSG Telecom

Padtec


electronic components and

modules. Civcom’s line of products

provides worldwide solutions for

high data rates Telecom and

Datacom applications. The

company prides itself as an

innovator in the field of

Transmission & Dispersion

Tolerance solutions, and as the

developer of the world’s first

10Gbps 300PIN MSA compliant

tunable transponder, as well as the

smallest tunable module in the

market.

products and solutions for

Broadband Wireless Access,

WiMax, Wi-Fi and LTE technologies.

WxBr provides products and

solutions to different market

segments, including carriers, digital

cities, corporate networks and

critical mission applications. The

company has achieved important

technology and commercial

partnerships, providing complete

solutions to customers.

technology expertise applied in

network services as Technical

Support, Systems Deployment,

Network Operation and

Maintenance, Maintenance

Centers, and NOC for optical

communications networks.

Optical Backbone

Metro/Aggregation

Access

Services

Standalones

Optical Networks

Optimized Optical Communication Solutions *

• Submarine Systems

• Ultra LH, LH DWDM

•Aggregation network

• FTTx GPON

• xWDM Access

• PTN

• Optical Amplifying

• Transponders

• Optical Protection

• NOC

• Network Analysis/

Diagnostic

Padtec S/AOptical Solutions


Unified Network Management System

•Aggregation network

• DWDM

• ROADM

• OXC

• PTN

• PTN • Optical Protection

• Media Converters

• Passive units

Diagnostic

• Field Support

* ISO 9001/2008

Training

Padtec S/ACustomer Profile


LightPad Platform - Submarine Application


Submarine Division Overview

Full Turnkey Supplier for Submarine Transmission Networks

Commissioning and system design for new deployment

Terrestrial and Submarine survey

LightPad Platform – Submarine Systems


Full system deployment including cable launch and marine

operations

24 x 7 support and maintenance –Committed SLAs

Solution development and manufacturing

Network Operation Center

Submarine Systems

Padtec offers a complete turnkey project for opticalsubmarine network

Country B

Country A

Country C

Wet Plant


Dry Plant

• SLTE – Entire DWDM OpticalTransmission Infrastructure

• Cable Termination

• Power Supply for repeateredsubmarine system

• Full system management

Wet Plant

• Submarine Optical Cable

• Optical Submarine Line Amplifier (OSLA)

• Branching Unit (BU)

Deployment

• Infrastructure construction

• Cable loading

• Marine Survey

• Optical Submarine Network Maintenance/NOC

Wet Plant

Submarine System - building blocks

Terminal Station BTerminal Station A


Terminal Station BTerminal Station A

SLTESubmarine Line Terminal Eq.

PFE Power Feeding Equipment

OSLA Optical Submarine Line Amplifier

CTE Cable Termination andSupervisory equipment

BU Branching Unit

EMSElement Manager System

Terminal Station C

LightPad Platform: Submarine Network

Dry Plant Wet Plant

• High DWDM capacity – Up to 100

channels on C-Band

• Coherent 100Gbps (DP-QPSK)

• EDFA (Booster & Pre-Amp)

• ROPA (Remote Optical Amplifier)

• Chromatic Dispersion Compensation

• Mechanical Assembly for deep water

• In Line EDFA Amplification (OSLA)

• Branching unit

• Optical Cable

• Integrated Management (Dry and Wet

Plant)

Submarine Systems


• Chromatic Dispersion Compensation

(additional to the DSP)

• Power Feeding Equipment

• Integrated management and NMS

structure

•Miscellaneous (FAN, Sub-rack,…)

Plant)

Items deployed on Dry Plant

• Monitoring – C-OTDR

• PFE

Terminal Equipment

• Compatible to 14U Chassis (9U – 3slots)

• Client Interface - XFP

• Protocols

• 10GbE LAN/WAN

• STM-64

• 8G Fibre Channel

• OTU2 / OTU2e

100G DP-DQPSK Coherent Transponder

Sinal DWDMOTU4 (OTL 4.10)HD-FEC 7% OHSD-FEC 20% OH

127.156Gb/s

Muxponder100 Gb/s

G.709

Muxponder100 Gb/s

G.709

OTU2 / OTU2e10GbE LAN10GbE WAN8G FCSTM-64


I

• OTU4 Interface

• DWDM 37.5GHz (or standard 50GHz) / Tunable

• Coherent DP-QPSK

• Protection architecture compatible: 1+1 (Recovery Time < 50msec)

• CD Tolerance: +/- 65 ns/nm

• DGD Tolerance: 100 ps

• OSNR Tolearance: 14 dB (dB/0.1nm)

Ch02

Ch03

Ch01

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

L LB

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

...

DE

MU

X

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

...

Submarine System

...

DE

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

Ch100

...Span

Linklength = Nspan . Spanlength


...

DE

MU

X

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

...Span

...

DE

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

Ch100

...Span

CABLECABLE

Submarine System

...

DE

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

Ch100

...Span

Ch02

Ch03

Ch01

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

L LB

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

...

DE

MU

X

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

...

Capacity = Nchannels . Nfibers


...

DE

MU

X

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

...Span

...

DE

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

LL

LLB

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

Ch01

... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

Ch100

...Span

CABLECABLE

Amplifier Design• Single container for all the amplifiers with large dimensions and weight;

• Sealing and mechanical design must guarantee high performance;

• State-of-the-art solution: low-size optical amplifiers with reduced

consumption. Optimized performance for 100 channels (37,5 GHz).

Cable Cable


...

• Add/drop fibers (channels);

• Supports up to 3 submarine cables;

• Compatible with most optical submarine cables.

Branching Unit

Optical and/or electrical connection


electrical connection

Branching Unit


• Regional non-repeatered (festoon);• Regional repeatered with(out) BU;• Transoceanic with(out) BU.

Terminal Station

Beach JointLand Cable

Double Armoured Cable

0 m

200 mCables burial

Submarine Cables

Submarine cable types as a function ofSubmarine cable types as a function of

water depth and sea bed profilewater depth and sea bed profile


BU

Deep water cable

200 m

1500 m

3000 m

8000 m

Cables burial

Single Armoured Cable

Deep water cable

High-reliability request• Highly-reliable repeaters are mandatory for any submarine system!!!

Q: What do I mean by highly-reliable?

A: No fail !!

1st Actions:

• Robust to high-hydraulic pressure;

• Resistant to corrosion from the water;

• Internal circuit (optics and eletronics) of high-reliability:

o Amplifier design must be based on well known and assessed


o Amplifier design must be based on well known and assessed

technologies and components;

• OPEX dominated by wet plant fault repair cost:

o Marine operation (< 2 in 25 years);

o Capacity loss for an unpredictable time duration (offline link);

• R&D challenge:

INNOVATE WITHOUT COMPROMISING HIGH RELIABILITY

• Some examples - for passive parts (doped fibers and components):

o mechanical stress;

o fiber bend-radius;

o components fixing;

o splices.

High-reliability request


• The more critical components for amplifier reliability are:

o the pump lasers;

• The more critical components for power supply:

o the current driver and diodes.

• Components’ reliability is guaranteed by:

o Production technology maturity and quality level (military, space);

o Qualification process and data from test and from field;

o Screening process:

� for reducing infant mortality (selection of the hi-rel units);

• Increasing reliability to the highest levels:

High-reliability request


• Increasing reliability to the highest levels:

• Amplifier does not include all the terrestrial equipment features: more

simple;

• Spare parts (but ready for action): the impact on overall reliability is

dramatic;

• Every single building block of your system should be qualified as hi-rel;

• At link level, path protection can be implemented (BU).

High-reliability - FIT• Required reliability: 2 faults in 25 years lifetime;

• FIT – Unit of failure rate: 1 FIT = 10-9 failures/hour;

• The number of repairs (in 25 years) = NR;

NR = FITTOTAL . 24 (hours) . 265 (days) . 25 (years) . 10-9


• For 2 repairs (NR = 2) in 25 years lifetime: FITTOTAL = 9132

• For 2 faults in a 200 amplifiers link: FITAMPLIFIER = 46

• For 1 fault in a 200 amplifiers link: FITAMPLIFIER = 23

High-reliability - FITFITTOTAL = 9132

• If

1FIT = 10-9 faults/hour

• Complete system

9132 FITs = 9132.10-9 faults/hour (200 amplifiers)


yearsYfaultsX )()( −MTBFfaults −)1(

9132 FITs = 9132.10 faults/hour (200 amplifiers)

( x total hours in 25years) = 2 = total faults in 25 years < 3

High-reliability FIT

Optics

(passive)

Electric

Control

Optics

(active)

• Total Reliability Budget 46 FIT

• Equivalent to 2 failures in 25 years


SYSTEM LEVEL

DEVICE LEVEL (AMPLIFIER)

COMPONENT LEVEL

• How does it work?

o Works like an OTDR: back-reflections (Rayleigh backscattering);

o Path composed of EDFAs + fibers: EDFAs include unidirectional

components that blocks the counterpropagating flow in the opposite

direction;

Supervisory system

• Coherent-OTDR

o In-band signal placed together with the DWDM


o In-band signal placed together with the DWDM

signals;

o Composed of active (Tx and Rx) and passive parts

(optical bypass);

o Able to decribe optical path and amplifier

performance.λλλλ

......L

L

Supervisory system


Supervisory system

...... L

Optical by-pass

Uplink Flow


L... ...

Optical by-pass

Downlink Flow

Supervisory system

...... L

Uplink Flow


L... ...

Optical by-pass

Downlink Flow

Supervisory system

...... L

Optical by-pass

Uplink Flow


L... ...

Optical by-pass

Downlink Flow

Supervisory system (2-spans system)

B

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

L

Ch01

...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

Ch100

P

L


Span Loss and Length 50 km100 km

Supervisory system (N-spans system)

B

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

C-OTDR

TX

L L

Ch01

... ... ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

C-OTDR

RX

Ch100

... ... P


TX

P

...

DE

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

L L

C-OTDR

RX

Ch01

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

B

C-OTDR

TX

RX

... ...... ...

Supervisory system (N-spans system)

B ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

C-OTDR

TX

L L L L L P

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02Ch02

Ch03

C-OTDR

TX

C-OTDR

RX

C-OTDR

RX

Ch100

Ch01

Ch01

...

...

N x Spans


P

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

...

MU

X

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

L L L L L B...

km

P [a.u.]

...

N x Spans

km

P [a.u.]

...

N x Spans

Gain > Span Loss

km

Power

Gain < Span Loss

Power

(Amplifiers’) Gain and (Span) Loss monitoring


Gain < Span Loss

km

Gain < or > Span Loss

km

Power

Fault detection

B ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

C-OTDR

TX

L L L P

Ch01

Ch02Ch02

C-OTDR

TX

C-OTDR

RX

C-OTDR

RX

Ch100

Ch01

Ch01

...

1 2 N


P

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch02

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

L L L B...

km

Power

...

Fault position (within span 2)

Fault detection

B ...

DE

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch01

Ch02

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

C-OTDR

TX

L L L P

Ch01

Ch02Ch02

C-OTDR

TX

C-OTDR

RX

C-OTDR

RX

Ch100

Ch01

Ch01

...

N N-1 1


P

Ch100

...

MU

X

Ch99

Ch97

Ch98

Ch04

Ch03

Ch02

...

MU

X

Ch02

Ch04

Ch03

Ch97

Ch98

Ch100

Ch99

L L L B...

km

Power

...

Faulted span (N-1)

CABLE

FIBERS

• 10m accuracy is within the requirements for fault location in a

Submarine link;

• In-service and In-band monitoring;

• Useful both on cable (fiber cut) or amplifier (fail) damage;

• Multiple-fiber monitoring: I can switch fiber input C-OTDR signal;

C-OTDR


1 2

3 4

• Integrated management:

SLTE, OSLA and C-OTDR

Future trends in submarine technology

• The use of an integrated optics solution present the following advantages:

o Host up to more systems (at least double the # of amplifiers) in a

single mechanical unit;

o It can increase the reliability by reducing the number of optical

components and fiber splices;

• Powerful FEC and DSP (receiver side)

o 1st wave: Coherent Techn. + DSP (linear effects) + FEC (3rd generation);

o 2nd wave: Coherent Techn. (at much higher rates) + DSP (nonlinear


o 2nd wave: Coherent Techn. (at much higher rates) + DSP (nonlinear

effects) + FEC (higher coding gains) + advantages of integ. optics =

powerful processing algorithms;

• Modulation formats and signal generation (transmitter side)

o Status today: max. load 100 x 100Gbps;

o Future: 400Gbps, Superchannels (higher performance and cost-

effective solutions).

Conclusion

• These are all key-points in the development of a submarine system;

• The submarine technology came to complete the current product portfolio

applied to ULH optical links for Padtec;

• There’s a very challenging reliability request in this field

o That has been added to Padtec’s expertise in transmission and

amplifier research and development together with networks’ design;


• Required from us a state-of-the-art:

o Project development and components selection;

o Amplifier design and performance evaluation;

o Systems’ design and performance evaluation;

• Strategic to Brazil and to Padtec: is already strenghening the already

existent business with all the Americas, Africa and Europe.

Acknowledgements

• Full Padtec submarine team and several colleagues;

• Padtec directors;

• CPqD Optical Systems’ Group.


Thank you!

padtec.com

Padtec S/A © 2011 Todos os Direitos Reservados4242

Technology

Submarine Amplifiers and Systems