WORLD’S MOST COMPLEX

STRUCTURE-THE LARGE HADRON

COLLIDER

By:

K J S Bhargava(15-4B2)

II B.tech,E C E

GUDLAVALLERU ENGINEERING

COLLEGE,GUDLAVALLERU

CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION

2. CONSTRUCTION & PARAMETERS

3. REVIEW BY Prof.HAWKING

4. APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

5. MERITS,DEMERITS AND CONCLUSION

What is the Large Hadron

Collider?

Its point is to solve some questions about the universe

The maximum speed that the hadrons can reach is

0.999999991 the speed of light

INTRODUCTION• THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC) IS THE

WORLD'S LARGEST AND MOST POWERFUL PARTICLE COLLIDER, MOST COMPLEX EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY EVER BUILT,

• LARGEST SINGLE MACHINE IN THE WORLD.• IT WAS BUILT BY THE 

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) BETWEEN 1998 & 2008

• 10,000 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS FROM OVER 100 COUNTRIES,

• LIES IN A TUNNEL 27 KILOMETRES (17 MI) IN CIRCUMFERENCE, AS DEEP AS 175 METRES (574 FT) BENEATH THE FRANCE–SWITZERLAND BORDER NEAR GENEVA, SWITZERLAND,

THE LHC'S AIM:

• TEST THE PREDICTIONS OF DIFFERENT THEORIES OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

•  HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS• UNSOLVED QUESTIONS OF PHYSICS, • ADVANCING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING

OF PHYSICAL LAWS.

CONSTRUCTION

880.P20 Winter 2006 Richard Kass 7

Magnetic field at 7 TeV: 8.33 Tesla Operating temperature: 1.9 K Number of magnets: ~9300 Number of main dipoles: 1232 Number of quadrupoles: ~858 Number of correcting magnets: ~6208 Number of RF cavities: 8 per beam; Field strength at top energy ≈ 5.5 MV/m Power consumption: ~120 MW

DATA SHEET OF LHC

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM & OUTPUT

• It Contains Seven Detectors, Each Designed For Certain Kinds Of Research. • The Proton-proton Collision Is The Primary

Operation Method, But The Lhc Has Also Collided Protons With Lead Nuclei Holder. • Data From Collisions Was Produced At An

Unprecedented Rate For The Time Of First Collisions.

REVIEW BY Prof.HAWKING• Prof Hawking said the £4.4bn machine, in which

scientists are about to recreate conditions just after

the Big Bang, is "vital if the human race is not to

stultify and eventually die out."

• And he sought to ease fears that the machine could

have apocalyptic effects. "The world will not come to

an end when the LHC turns on," Prof Hawking said,

adding: "The LHC is absolutely safe."

• Scientists at the CERN research centre in Switzerland

are aiming to use the machine to gain a better

understanding of the birth and structure of the

universe, and to fill gaps in our knowledge of

physics.

• They hope that by recreating the moments after the Big Bang - the massive explosion thought to have created the universe - the experiment will make clearer what the universe is made of, what makes it expand and also to predict its future.

• Prof Hawking, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, said: "The LHC will increase the energy at which we can study particle interactions by a factor of four."

APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

• Cancer therapy

• Manufacturing Processes

• Medical Instrumentation

• Industrial Imaging

• The world wide web

• Pattern recognition

MERITS

• Development in Quantum mechanics

• Searching for the source of dark matter.Searching for

the cause of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the

universe.

• Measuring the size and structure of the proton.

• To study the Behavior of cosmic rays in atmosphere.

DEMERITS– The LHC uses 10,800 tons (9,798 metric tons) of liquid

nitrogen to cool the magnets down to 80 degrees Kelvin (-193.2 Celsius or -315.67 Fahrenheit).

– About 60 tons (54 metric tons) of liquid helium

– The Collider has about 9,300 magnets, which are super-cooled to -456.25 degrees Fahrenheit.

– 120 Megawatts – about as much as all of the homes in the neighbouring Swiss Canton of Geneva.

– The Large Hadron Collider took total cost of about $4.75 billion.

– It’s life time is only 10 years after that we need to find a new collider to construct.

CONCLUSION

The LHC is now in its final stage of installation and commissioning.

A beam has already been extracted from the SPS with the parameters needed to achieve design luminosity and has been transported along the 2.6 km tunnel TI8 to the LHC injection point.

The stored energy in this beam at 7 TeV is two orders of magnitude higher